garden/bell-state.md
2025-09-24 10:24:30 -06:00

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Bell State

  • quantum-state
  • created by using hadamard-gate on the control bit of a controlled-not: `\left(\operatorname{CNOT}_{1 \to 2}\right) \left(\mathbf{H} \otimes \mathbf{1}\right)`
  • `\ket{\Phi^+} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \left[\ket{00} + \ket{11}\right]` from `\ket{00}`
  • `\ket{\Psi^+} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \left[\ket{01} + \ket{10}\right]` from `\ket{01}`
  • `\ket{\Phi^-} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \left[\ket{00} - \ket{11}\right]` from `\ket{10}`
  • `\ket{\Psi^-} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \left[\ket{01} - \ket{10}\right]` from `\ket{11}`
  • the four bell states form an orthonormal basis
  • for an unentangled 2-qubit state `\ket{\varphi} = \left(a\ket{0}+b\ket{1}\right)\otimes\left(c\ket{0}+d\ket{1}\right)`, the inner-product with any bell state is bounded `\braket{\varphi|\text{B}_{ij}} \leq \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}`