Finish amniotes

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Aly 2021-11-24 12:20:08 -07:00
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# Amniota
- Member of the [[Tetrapodomorpha]]
- [[Amniote egg]]
## Taxonomy
- [[Amniota]]
- [[Synapsids]]
- [[Therapsids]]
- [[Mammalia]]
- [[Monotremata]]
- [[Theria]]
- [[Marsupiala]]
- [[Eutheria]]
- [[Placentiala]]
- [[Diapsids]] (Reptiliomorpha)
- [[Neodiapsida]]
- [[Lepidosauria]]
- [[Squamata]]
- [[Tuataras]]
- [[Icthyosauria]]
- [[Plesiosauria]]
- [[Archosauria]]
- [[Pterosauria]]
- [[Dinosauria]]
- [[Ornithischia]]
- [[Stegosauria]]
- [[Saurischia]]
- [[Sauropodomorpha]]
- [[Therapods]]
- [[Allosauridae]]
- [[Aves]]
- [[Crocodilomorpha]]
- [[Anapsida]]
- [[Chelonia]]

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# Chordata
- Member of the [[Deuterostomia]]
- Most basal branch: [[Cephalochordata]]
- Barely has a central nervous system
- 5 synapomorphies
- notochord
- dorsal hollow nerve cord
- endostyle
- pharyngeal slits
- post-anal tail
- [[Invertebrate]]
- Main branch
- [[Urochordata]]
- [[Vertebrata]]
- First Chordates appeared in the [[Cambrian]]
## Taxonomy
- [[Chordata]]
- [[Cephalochordata]]
- [[Olfactores]]
- [[Urochordata]]
- [[Vertebrata]]
- Jawless Fishes
- Hagfishes
- Lampreys
- [[Gnathostomata]]

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# Endothermy
- Present in [[Mammalia]] and [[Aves]]

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# Gnathostomata
- Member of the [[Vertebrata]] in the [[Chordata]]
- Allowed animals to much more easily be predators
- Jaws could be used to immobilize prey
- Once you become predatory, the fitness space becomes much more steep
- Your fitness highly depends on your sight and agility
- First Gnathostomes appeared in the [[Silurian]]
## Taxonomy
- [[Gnathostomata]]
- [[Placodermi]]
- [[Eugnathostomata]]
- [[Chondrichthyes]]
- [[Osteichthyes]]

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# Osteichthyes
- Member of the [[Gnathostomata]] in the [[Vertebrata]]
- True bone
- Had swim bladders
- [[fresh-water|Fresh water]] has a lower buoyant density than
[[sea-water|sea water]]
- Needed some way to offset the weight of the bone structures
## Taxonomy
- [[Osteichthyes]]
- [[Actinopterygii]]
- [[Sarcopterygii]]
- [[Tetrapodomorpha]]

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# Tetrapodomorpha
- Member of the [[Sarcopterygii]] in the [[Osteichthyes]]
- The [[Vertebrata]] which made a transition onto dry land
- Due to the cooler and dryer Earth during the [[Carboniferous]], it was hard
to stay in freshwater lakes
- Developed the [[Amniote egg]]
## Taxonomy
- [[Tetrapodomorpha]]
- Modern Amphibians
- [[Amniota]]

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# Vertebrata
- Member of the [[Chordata]]
- Replaces the notochord with a spine
- "New head"
- Neural crest cells
- Transition to dry land started during the [[Devonian]]
## Taxonomy
- [[Vertebrata]]
- Jawless Fishes
- Hagfishes
- Lampreys
- [[Gnathostomata]]