libpsyc/include/psyc/parser.h

/**
 * @file psyc/parser.h
 * @brief Interface for various PSYC parser functions.
 *
 * All parsing functions and the definitions they use are
 * defined in this file.
 */

/**
 * @defgroup parser Parsing Functions
 *
 * This module contains packet and list parsing functions.
 * The parser adheres to the definition of a packet found at 
 * 
 *   http://about.psyc.eu/Spec:Packet
 *
 * and the according terms are used throughout this documentation and in the
 * return codes. You should be at least
 * vaguely familiar with what the difference between "body" and "content" as
 * well as "routing variable" and "entity variable" is.
 *
 *
 * To parse a packet you first have to initialize a state:
 *
 * @code
 * psycParseState state;
 *
 * psyc_initParseState(&state);
 * @endcode
 *
 * Note that there is also psyc_initParseState2 if you want to fine-tune what
 * part of the packet should be parsed. @see psycParseFlag
 *
 * Next, you have to tell the parser what it should parse. Assuming the variable
 * raw_data points to our packet and raw_len contains the length, you can pass
 * it to the parser as follows:
 *
 * @code
 * char* raw_data; // points to our (possibly incomplete) packet
 * size_t raw_len; // how many bytes of data
 *
 * psyc_setParseBuffer(&state, // our initialized state from before
 *                      raw_data,
 *                      raw_len);
 * @endcode
 *
 * Now the the variables that will save the output of the parser need to be
 * declared:
 *
 * @code
 * psycString name,  // Name of the variable or method
 *            value; // Value of the variable or body
 * char       oper;  // operator of the variable (if any)
 * @endcode
 *
 * They will be passd to the parsing function which will set them to
 * the according positions and lengths.
 *
 * Now the real parsing begins. The parsing function needs to be called
 * repeatedly with various actions in between, depending on the return values:
 *
 * @code
 *
 * int res;
 *
 * do // run the parsing in a loop, each time parsing one line
 * {
 * 	name.length = value.length = oper = 0; // reset the output variables
 *
 * 	ret = psyc_parse(&state, &oper, &name, &value); // call the parsing function
 *
 * 	switch (ret) // look at the return value
 * 	{
 * 		case PSYC_PARSE_ROUTING: // it is a routing variable
 * 		case PSYC_PARSE_ENTITY:  // it is a entity variable
 * 			// Name, value and operator of the variable can now be found in the
 * 			// respective variables:
 * 			printf("Variable: %.*s  Value: %.*s Operator: %c\n", 
 * 			        name.length, name.ptr,
 * 			        value.length, value.ptr,
 * 			        oper);
 * 			// Note that the .ptr member still points at your original buffer. If
 * 			// you want to reuse that buffer for the next packet, you better copy it
 * 			// before passing it to the parser or you copy each variable now.
 * 			break;
 * 		case PSYC_PARSE_BODY: // it is the method and the body of the packet.
 * 			printf("Method Name: %.*s  Body: %.*s\n", 
 * 			        name.length, name.ptr,    // name of the method
 * 			        value.length, value.ptr); // value of the body
 * 			break;
 * 		case PSYC_PARSE_COMPLETE: // parsing of this packet is complete
 * 			// You can simply continue parsing till you get the
 * 			// PSYC_PARSE_INSUFFICIENT code which means teh packet is incomplete.
 * 			continue;
 * 		default: // 
 * 			perror("Error %i happened :(\n", res);
 * 			return res;
 * 	}
 * }
 * @endcode
 *
 * This simple example does not consider some more complex cases for when you
 * recieve incomplete packets but still want to access the data. This code would
 * simply reject incomplete packets as error. A more detailed tutorial for
 * incomplete packets will follow, in the mean time, have look at the return
 * codes in psycParseRC and their explainations. @see psycParseRC
 */

/** @{ */ // begin of parser group

#ifndef PSYC_PARSER_H
# define PSYC_PARSER_H

#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <psyc.h>

typedef enum
{
	/// Parse only the header
	PSYC_PARSE_ROUTING_ONLY = 1,
	/// Parse only the content. Parsing starts at the content and the content must be complete.
	PSYC_PARSE_START_AT_CONTENT = 2,
} psycParseFlag;

/**
 * The return value definitions for the packet parsing function.
 * @see psyc_parse()
 */
typedef enum
{
/// Error, packet is not ending with a valid delimiter.
	PSYC_PARSE_ERROR_END = -8,
/// Error, expected NL after the method.
	PSYC_PARSE_ERROR_METHOD = -7,
/// Error, expected NL after a modifier.
	PSYC_PARSE_ERROR_MOD_NL = -6,
/// Error, modifier length is not numeric.
	PSYC_PARSE_ERROR_MOD_LEN = -5,
/// Error, expected TAB before modifier value.
	PSYC_PARSE_ERROR_MOD_TAB = -4,
/// Error, modifier name is missing.
	PSYC_PARSE_ERROR_MOD_NAME = -3,
/// Error, expected NL after the content length.
	PSYC_PARSE_ERROR_LENGTH = -2,
/// Error in packet.
	PSYC_PARSE_ERROR = -1,
/// Buffer contains insufficient amount of data.
/// Fill another buffer and concatenate it with the end of the current buffer,
/// from the cursor position to the end.
	PSYC_PARSE_INSUFFICIENT = 1,
/// Routing modifier parsing done.
/// Operator, name & value contains the respective parts.
	PSYC_PARSE_ROUTING = 2,
/// Start of an incomplete entity modifier.
/// Operator & name are complete, value is incomplete.
	PSYC_PARSE_ENTITY_START = 3,
/// Continuation of an incomplete entity modifier.
	PSYC_PARSE_ENTITY_CONT = 4,
/// End of an incomplete entity modifier.
	PSYC_PARSE_ENTITY_END = 5,
/// Entity modifier parsing done in one go.
/// Operator, name & value contains the respective parts.
	PSYC_PARSE_ENTITY = 6,
/// Start of an incomplete body.
/// Name contains method, value contains part of the body.
	PSYC_PARSE_BODY_START = 7,
/// Continuation of an incomplete body.
	PSYC_PARSE_BODY_CONT = 8,
/// End of an incomplete body.
	PSYC_PARSE_BODY_END = 9,
/// Body parsing done in one go, name contains method, value contains body.
	PSYC_PARSE_BODY = 10,
/// Start of an incomplete content, value contains part of content.
/// Used when PSYC_PARSE_ROUTING_ONLY is set.
	PSYC_PARSE_CONTENT_START = 7,
/// Continuation of an incomplete body.
/// Used when PSYC_PARSE_ROUTING_ONLY is set.
	PSYC_PARSE_CONTENT_CONT = 8,
/// End of an incomplete body.
/// Used when PSYC_PARSE_ROUTING_ONLY is set.
	PSYC_PARSE_CONTENT_END = 9,
/// Content parsing done in one go, value contains the whole content.
/// Used when PSYC_PARSE_ROUTING_ONLY is set.
	PSYC_PARSE_CONTENT = 10,
/// Finished parsing packet.
	PSYC_PARSE_COMPLETE = 11,
} psycParseRC;

/**
 * The return value definitions for the list parsing function.
 * @see psyc_parseList()
 */
typedef enum
{
	PSYC_PARSE_LIST_ERROR_DELIM = -5,
	PSYC_PARSE_LIST_ERROR_LEN = -4,
	PSYC_PARSE_LIST_ERROR_TYPE = -3,
	PSYC_PARSE_LIST_ERROR_NAME = -2,
	PSYC_PARSE_LIST_ERROR = -1,
/// Completed parsing a list element.
	PSYC_PARSE_LIST_ELEM = 1,
/// Reached end of buffer.
	PSYC_PARSE_LIST_END = 2,
/// Binary list is incomplete.
	PSYC_PARSE_LIST_INCOMPLETE = 3,
} psycParseListRC;

/**
 * Struct for keeping parser state.
 */
typedef struct
{
	size_t cursor; ///< current position in buffer
	size_t startc; ///< position where the parsing would be resumed
	psycString buffer; ///< buffer with data to be parsed
	uint8_t flags; ///< flags for the parser, see psycParseFlag
	psycPart part; ///< part of the packet being parsed currently

	size_t routingLength; ///< length of routing part parsed so far
	size_t contentParsed; ///< number of bytes parsed from the content so far
	size_t contentLength; ///< expected length of the content
	psycBool contentLengthFound; ///< is there a length given for this packet?
	size_t valueParsed; ///< number of bytes parsed from the value so far
	size_t valueLength; ///< expected length of the value
	psycBool valueLengthFound; ///< is there a length given for this modifier?
} psycParseState;

/**
 * Struct for keeping list parser state.
 */
typedef struct
{
	size_t cursor; ///< current position in buffer
	size_t startc; ///< line start position
	psycString buffer;
	psycListType type; ///< list type

	size_t elemParsed; ///< number of bytes parsed from the elem so far
	size_t elemLength; ///< expected length of the elem
} psycParseListState;

/**
 * Initializes the state struct.
 *
 * @param state Pointer to the state struct that should be initialized.
 * @see psyc_initParseState2
 */
static inline
void psyc_initParseState (psycParseState *state)
{
	memset(state, 0, sizeof(psycParseState));
}

/**
 * Initializes the state struct with flags.
 *
 * @param state Pointer to the state struct that should be initialized.
 * @param flags Flags to be set for the parser, see psycParseFlag.
 * @see psyc_initParseState
 * @see psycParseFlag
 */
static inline
void psyc_initParseState2 (psycParseState *state, uint8_t flags)
{
	memset(state, 0, sizeof(psycParseState));
	state->flags = flags;

	if (flags & PSYC_PARSE_START_AT_CONTENT)
		state->part = PSYC_PART_CONTENT;
}

/**
 * Sets a new buffer in the parser state struct with data to be parsed.
 *
 * This function does NOT copy the buffer. It will parse whatever is
 * at the memory pointed to by buffer.
 *
 * @param state Pointer to the initialized state of the parser
 * @param buffer the buffer that should be parsed now
 * @see psycString
 */
static inline
void psyc_setParseBuffer (psycParseState *state, psycString buffer)
{
	state->buffer = buffer;
	state->cursor = 0;

	if (state->flags & PSYC_PARSE_START_AT_CONTENT)
	{
		state->contentLength = buffer.length;
		state->contentLengthFound = PSYC_TRUE;
	}
}

/**
 * Sets a new buffer in the parser state struct with data to be parsed.
 *
 * This function does NOT copy the buffer. It will parse whatever is
 * at the memory pointed to by buffer.
 *
 * @param state Pointer to the initialized state of the parser
 * @param buffer pointer to the data that should be parsed
 * @param length length of the data in bytes 
 * @see psycString
 */
static inline
void psyc_setParseBuffer2 (psycParseState *state, char *buffer, size_t length)
{
	psycString buf = {length, buffer};
	psyc_setParseBuffer(state, buf);
}

/**
 * Initializes the list state struct.
 *
 * @param state Pointer to the list state struct that should be initialized.
 */
static inline
void psyc_initParseListState (psycParseListState *state)
{
	memset(state, 0, sizeof(psycParseListState));
}

/**
 * Sets a new buffer in the list parser state struct with data to be parsed.
 */
static inline
void psyc_setParseListBuffer (psycParseListState *state, psycString buffer)
{
	state->buffer = buffer;
	state->cursor = 0;
}

static inline
void psyc_setParseListBuffer2 (psycParseListState *state, char *buffer, size_t length)
{
	psycString buf = {length, buffer};
	psyc_setParseListBuffer(state, buf);
}

static inline
size_t psyc_getParseContentLength (psycParseState *state)
{
	return state->contentLength;
}

static inline
psycBool psyc_isParseContentLengthFound (psycParseState *state)
{
	return state->contentLengthFound;
}

static inline
size_t psyc_getParseValueLength (psycParseState *state)
{
	return state->valueLength;
}

static inline
psycBool psyc_isParseValueLengthFound (psycParseState *state)
{
	return state->valueLengthFound;
}

static inline
size_t psyc_getParseCursor (psycParseState *state)
{
	return state->cursor;
}

static inline
size_t psyc_getParseBufferLength (psycParseState *state)
{
	return state->buffer.length;
}

static inline
size_t psyc_getParseRemainingLength (psycParseState *state)
{
	return state->buffer.length - state->cursor;
}

static inline
const char * psyc_getParseRemainingBuffer (psycParseState *state)
{
	return state->buffer.ptr + state->cursor;
}

/**
 * Parse PSYC packets.
 *
 * Generalized line-based packet parser.
 *
 * This function never allocates heap memory.
 *
 * @param state An initialized psycParseState
 * @param oper A pointer to a character. In case of a variable, it will
 *             be set to the operator of that variable
 * @param name A pointer to a psycString. It will point to the name of
 *             the variable or method and its length will be set accordingly
 * @param value A pointer to a psycString. It will point to the
 *              value/body the variable/method and its length will be set accordingly
 */
psycParseRC psyc_parse (psycParseState *state, char *oper,
                        psycString *name, psycString *value);

/**
 * List value parser.
 */
psycParseListRC psyc_parseList (psycParseListState *state, psycString *name,
                                psycString *value, psycString *elem);

#endif // PSYC_PARSER_H

/** @} */ // end of parser group