diff --git a/alveolata.md b/alveolata.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2a6fdb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/alveolata.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +# Alveolata + diff --git a/apicomplexa.md b/apicomplexa.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b552712 --- /dev/null +++ b/apicomplexa.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Apicomplexa + +- Members of the [[Alveolata]] [[pyhlum]] of the [[SAR Supergroup]] +- Plasmodium Falciparum + - Causes malaria +- Toxoplasma Gondii + - Normal cycle of infection revolves around mice and house cats + - Makes mice act arrogant around predators to transmit to cats + - Cat feces carries the parasite, which ends up being transmitted to mice + +[//begin]: # "Autogenerated link references for markdown compatibility" +[Alveolata]: alveolata "Alveolata" +[SAR Supergroup]: sar-supergroup "SAR Supergroup" +[//end]: # "Autogenerated link references" + diff --git a/archaea.md b/archaea.md index 2e3fc3b..8618485 100644 --- a/archaea.md +++ b/archaea.md @@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ [//begin]: # "Autogenerated link references for markdown compatibility" [bacteria]: bacteria "Bacteria" +[eukarya]: eukarya "Eukarya" [Lokiarchaeota]: lokiarchaeota "Lokiarchaeota" [TACK Supergroup]: tack-supergroup "TACK Supergroup" [Archaea]: archaea "Archaea" @@ -30,4 +31,5 @@ [Korarchaeota]: korarchaeota "Korarchaeota" [Thaumarchaeota]: thaumarchaeota "Thaumarchaeota" [Crenarchaeota]: crenarchaeota "Crenarchaeota" +[Eukarya]: eukarya "Eukarya" [//end]: # "Autogenerated link references" diff --git a/brown-algae.md b/brown-algae.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..90be024 --- /dev/null +++ b/brown-algae.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Brown algae + +- Members of the [[Heterokonta]] [[phylum]] of the [[SAR Supergroup]] +- Macrocystis Pyrifera + - Giant kelp + +[//begin]: # "Autogenerated link references for markdown compatibility" +[Heterokonta]: heterokonta "Heterokonta" +[SAR Supergroup]: sar-supergroup "SAR Supergroup" +[//end]: # "Autogenerated link references" diff --git a/ciliophora.md b/ciliophora.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a15b8c --- /dev/null +++ b/ciliophora.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Ciliophora + +- Members of the [[Alveolata]] [[pyhlum]] of the [[SAR Supergroup]] +- Have hundreds to thousands of cilia used for feeding and mobility +- Abundant and diverse in most aquatic habitats + +[//begin]: # "Autogenerated link references for markdown compatibility" +[Alveolata]: alveolata "Alveolata" +[SAR Supergroup]: sar-supergroup "SAR Supergroup" +[//end]: # "Autogenerated link references" diff --git a/cyanobacteria.md b/cyanobacteria.md index bedca38..90fc828 100644 --- a/cyanobacteria.md +++ b/cyanobacteria.md @@ -1,6 +1,10 @@ # Cyanobacteria -- Responsible for The Great Oxygenation +- Responsible for [[The Great Oxygenation]] - [[Spirulina]]: Highly nutritious - [[Rivularia]]: Classifies as multi-cellular, as it can regrow its photosynthetic filament + +[//begin]: # "Autogenerated link references for markdown compatibility" +[The Great Oxygenation]: the-great-oxygenation "The Great Oxygenation" +[//end]: # "Autogenerated link references" diff --git a/diatoms.md b/diatoms.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2cf2725 --- /dev/null +++ b/diatoms.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Diatoms + +- Members of the [[Heterokonta]] [[phylum]] of the [[SAR Supergroup]] +- Photosynthetic algae, with silica-rich shells + - When diatomaceous earth is exposed, silica can be harvested from the + remains of diatoms + +[//begin]: # "Autogenerated link references for markdown compatibility" +[Heterokonta]: heterokonta "Heterokonta" +[SAR Supergroup]: sar-supergroup "SAR Supergroup" +[//end]: # "Autogenerated link references" diff --git a/dinoflagellata.md b/dinoflagellata.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..26a9e86 --- /dev/null +++ b/dinoflagellata.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Dinoflagellata + +- Members of the [[Alveolata]] [[pyhlum]] of the [[SAR Supergroup]] +- Associated with red tides + - Lingulodinium Polyedrum + +[//begin]: # "Autogenerated link references for markdown compatibility" +[Alveolata]: alveolata "Alveolata" +[SAR Supergroup]: sar-supergroup "SAR Supergroup" +[//end]: # "Autogenerated link references" diff --git a/diplomonadida.md b/diplomonadida.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..73e1afb --- /dev/null +++ b/diplomonadida.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Diplomonadida + +- Members of the [[Metamonada]] [[phylum]] of the [[Excavata]] +- Giardia Intestinalis + - Relatively common in wildlife + +[//begin]: # "Autogenerated link references for markdown compatibility" +[Metamonada]: metamonada "Metamonada" +[Excavata]: excavata "Excavata" +[//end]: # "Autogenerated link references" diff --git a/endosymbiosis.md b/endosymbiosis.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1989a79 --- /dev/null +++ b/endosymbiosis.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +# Endosymbiosis + diff --git a/euglenozoa.md b/euglenozoa.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5eef039 --- /dev/null +++ b/euglenozoa.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Euglenozoa + +- Members of the [[Excavata]] +- Euglena Gracilis + - Photosynthetic, free-living +- Typanosoma Cruzi (Chagas Disease) and Trypanosoma Brucei (African Sleeping +Sickness) + - Nonphotosynthetic, parasitic + - Transmitted by arthropod vectors + - Because they're eukaryotic and aerobic, they're hard to target with + medication + +[//begin]: # "Autogenerated link references for markdown compatibility" +[Excavata]: excavata "Excavata" +[//end]: # "Autogenerated link references" diff --git a/eukarya.md b/eukarya.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d50e9f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/eukarya.md @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +# Eukarya + +- There are two parts to the origin of eukaryotic cells: + - [[Endosymbiosis]]: Theorized by [[Lynn Margulis]], proposes that + mitochondria, along with other eukaryotic organelles, first existed as + independent organisms + - [[Endomembrane System]]: Documented by [[Christian de Duve]], the + endomembrane system involves parts of organelles specific to eukaryotic + organelles, such as the nuclear envelope +- In eukaryotes, [[mitochondria]] have separate DNA from the nuclear genome, +which is evidence for [[Endosymbiosis]] + +## Taxonomy + +- [[Eukarya]] + - Bikonta + - [[Excavata]] + - [[Euglenozoa]] + - [[Metamonada]] + - Trichozoa + - [[Diplomonadida]] + - [[Parabasalia]] + - Diaphoretickes + - [[SAR Supergroup]] + - Rhizaria + - Cercozoa + - Retaria + - Foraminifera + - Radiolaria + - Halvaria + - [[Alveolata]] + - [[Ciliophora]] + - Myzozoa + - [[Apicomplexa]] + - [[Dinoflagellata]] + - [[Heterokonta]] (Stramenopiles) + - [[Diatoms]] + - [[Oomycota]] + - [[Brown algae]] + - [[Archaeplastida]] + - Red algae + - Viridiplantae + - Chlorophyta + - Streptophyta + - Charophyta + - Embryophyta (land plants) + - [[Unikonta]] + - Amoebozoa + - Tubulinea + - Entamoeba + - Eumycetozoa (slime molds) + - Opisthokonta + - Holomycota + - Nucleariida + - Fungi + - Holozoa + - Choanoflagellatea + - Animalia + +[//begin]: # "Autogenerated link references for markdown compatibility" +[Endosymbiosis]: endosymbiosis "Endosymbiosis" +[mitochondria]: mitochondrion "mitochondrion" +[Eukarya]: eukarya "Eukarya" +[Excavata]: excavata "Excavata" +[Euglenozoa]: euglenozoa "Euglenozoa" +[Metamonada]: metamonada "Metamonada" +[Diplomonadida]: diplomonadida "Diplomonadida" +[Parabasalia]: parabasalia "Parabasalia" +[SAR Supergroup]: sar-supergroup "SAR Supergroup" +[Alveolata]: alveolata "Alveolata" +[Ciliophora]: ciliophora "Ciliophora" +[Apicomplexa]: apicomplexa "Apicomplexa" +[Dinoflagellata]: dinoflagellata "Dinoflagellata" +[Heterokonta]: heterokonta "Heterokonta" +[Diatoms]: diatoms "Diatoms" +[Oomycota]: oomycota "Oomycota" +[Brown algae]: brown-algae "Brown algae" +[//end]: # "Autogenerated link references" diff --git a/excavata.md b/excavata.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..231d47e --- /dev/null +++ b/excavata.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +# Excavata + diff --git a/heterokonta.md b/heterokonta.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1af2cc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/heterokonta.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# Heterokonta + +- A [[phylum]] of the [[SAR Supergroup]] with two kinds of flagella + +[//begin]: # "Autogenerated link references for markdown compatibility" +[SAR Supergroup]: sar-supergroup "SAR Supergroup" +[//end]: # "Autogenerated link references" diff --git a/metamonada.md b/metamonada.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..367d3e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/metamonada.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Metamonada + +- A [[phylum]] of the [[Excavata]] which lacks [[mitochondria]] + - This means they're adapted to anaerobic environments +- Includes [[Diplomonadida]] and [[Parabasalia]] + +[//begin]: # "Autogenerated link references for markdown compatibility" +[Excavata]: excavata "Excavata" +[mitochondria]: mitochondrion "mitochondrion" +[Diplomonadida]: diplomonadida "Diplomonadida" +[Parabasalia]: parabasalia "Parabasalia" +[//end]: # "Autogenerated link references" diff --git a/mitochondria.md b/mitochondria.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2b77fe7 --- /dev/null +++ b/mitochondria.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +# mitochondria + diff --git a/mitochondrion.md b/mitochondrion.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2fd9504 --- /dev/null +++ b/mitochondrion.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +# mitochondrion + diff --git a/oomycota.md b/oomycota.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..15cf0f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/oomycota.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Oomycota + +- Members of the [[Heterokonta]] [[phylum]] of the [[SAR Supergroup]] +- Heterotrophic and fungus-like +- Fish parasites +- Phytophthora Infestans + - Cause of Irish Potato Famine + +[//begin]: # "Autogenerated link references for markdown compatibility" +[Heterokonta]: heterokonta "Heterokonta" +[SAR Supergroup]: sar-supergroup "SAR Supergroup" +[//end]: # "Autogenerated link references" diff --git a/parabasalia.md b/parabasalia.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..40b736e --- /dev/null +++ b/parabasalia.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Parabasalia + +- Members of the [[Metamonada]] [[phylum]] of the [[Excavata]] +- Flagellated anaerobes, living within anaerobic spaces within other animals +- Mixotricha Paradoxa + - Found in the gut of termites + - Cellulose is not digestable by most animals + - Mixotricha Paradoxa can break down cellulose before the termite digests it + - Mixotricha Paradoxa doesn't produce cellulase + - Unclear whether the termite actually digests the Mixotricha Paradoxa or + lets it live + - Uses own flagellum as rudders, while [[spirochetes]] power the movement +- Trichomonas Vaginalis + - Agent of STD in humans + +[//begin]: # "Autogenerated link references for markdown compatibility" +[Metamonada]: metamonada "Metamonada" +[Excavata]: excavata "Excavata" +[spirochetes]: spirochaeota "Spirochaeota" +[//end]: # "Autogenerated link references" diff --git a/sar-supergroup.md b/sar-supergroup.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b56ff20 --- /dev/null +++ b/sar-supergroup.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# SAR Supergroup + + diff --git a/the-great-oxygenation.md b/the-great-oxygenation.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0f827a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/the-great-oxygenation.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# The Great Oxygenation + +- The diverity of [[bacteria]] exploded during the [[Archaean]], leading to the +evolution of [[Cyanobacteria]] + - This does not mean that [[Spirulina]] existed during the [[Archaean]]: it + is a modern organism +- There was almost no O₂ in the atmosphere before the +[[Archaean]]-[[Proterozoic]] break + - No O₂ means no formation of peroxides + - Peroxides are dangerous to many cells as they rob electrons from + proteins, fatally altering them +- Cells had to develop anti-oxidation defenses, including [[catalase]] +- Cells had two ways to adapt to O₂ + 1. Become a strict anaerobe, and avoid oxygen-containing habitats + 2. Tolerate O₂ + - O₂ toleration can easily lead to aerobic metabolism + +[//begin]: # "Autogenerated link references for markdown compatibility" +[bacteria]: bacteria "Bacteria" +[Archaean]: archaean "Archaean" +[Cyanobacteria]: cyanobacteria "Cyanobacteria" +[Proterozoic]: proterozoic "Proterozoic" +[//end]: # "Autogenerated link references"