diff --git a/amoebocytes.md b/amoebocytes.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..16814ae --- /dev/null +++ b/amoebocytes.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +# amoebocytes + diff --git a/animalia.md b/animalia.md index 2f72cc7..5fea6dc 100644 --- a/animalia.md +++ b/animalia.md @@ -1,2 +1,42 @@ # Animalia +- Also known as [[Metazoa]] +- A member of the [[Opisthokonta]] +- Multicellular +- Most basal of Metazoa: [[Sponge]] + - Water enters through the [[ostia]] and exits through the [[osculum]] + - [[flagellated chamber]] + - Separating the ostia and the [[spongocoel]] + - Different cell types + - Outer layer: [[pinacoderm]] + - Controlling the ostia: [[porocytes]] + - Controlling the flagella, eating: [[choanocytes]] + - Transport nutrition: [[amoebocytes]] +- A few taxa of interest with respect to the origin of animals: + - [[sponge|Sponges]] + - [[cnidaria|Cnidarians]] + - [[Ctenophores]] + - [[Bilateria]] +- Goes through [[cleavage-divisions|Cleavage Divisions]] +- Required to be [[multicellular]] and go through [[morphogenesis]] + +## Taxonomy + +- [[Animalia]] + - [[Porifera]] (Parazoa) + - [[sponge|Sponges]] + - [[Eumetazoa]] (2 germ layers, ecto- and endo-, "true tissues") + - [[Radiata]] + - [[Cnidaria]] + - [[Bilateria]] (3 germ layers, meso-) + - [[Deuterostomia]] + - [[Echinodermata]] + - [[Chordata]] + - [[Protostomia]] + - [[Lophotrochozoa]] + - [[Annelida]] + - [[Mollusca]] + - Flatworms + - [[Ecdysozoa]] + - [[Arthropoda]] + - [[Nematoda]] diff --git a/bilateria.md b/bilateria.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..22043d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bilateria.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Bilateria + +- A 3rd germ layer on top of [[Eumetazoa]], the [[mesoderm]] +- Bilaterally symmetric +- The [[Urbilaterian]]: + - MRCA of the Bilaterians + - Must have been extremely unspecialized to give rise to both + [[deuterostomia|deuterostomes]] and [[protostomia|protostomes]] +- Anterior to Posterior positioning controlled by [[hox-genes|Hox Genes]] + - In this case, they're called Hox cluster genes diff --git a/choanoflagellatea.md b/choanoflagellatea.md index 7a22ba6..d847d65 100644 --- a/choanoflagellatea.md +++ b/choanoflagellatea.md @@ -1,2 +1,8 @@ # Choanoflagellatea +- A member of the [[Opisthokonta]] +- "Choano" refers to a collar surrounding the flagella +- Not considered an [[animalia|animal]] as there are no specialization + mechanisms (technically unicellular, even if colonial) +- Food piles up at the bottom of the collar due to the movement of the + choanoflagellate in the water diff --git a/cleavage-divisions.md b/cleavage-divisions.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..42837c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/cleavage-divisions.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Cleavage Divisions + + diff --git a/cnidaria.md b/cnidaria.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4557273 --- /dev/null +++ b/cnidaria.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +# Cnidaria + diff --git a/cryogenian.md b/cryogenian.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2994f54 --- /dev/null +++ b/cryogenian.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +# Cryogenian + +- Middle part of the [[Neoproterozoic]] +- The [[Urbilaterian]] and possibly the [[Protostomia]] MRCA most likely split + here diff --git a/deuterostomia.md b/deuterostomia.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e99c1f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/deuterostomia.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Deuterostomia + +- The [[blastopore]] develops into the anus + +## Taxonomy + +- [[Deuterostomia]] + - [[Echinodermata]] + - [[Chordata]] diff --git a/ediacaran.md b/ediacaran.md index 7f1f86e..0778aa0 100644 --- a/ediacaran.md +++ b/ediacaran.md @@ -1,2 +1,5 @@ # Ediacaran +- The period before the [[Cambrian]] +- The MRCAs of the [[Deuterostomia]], [[Lophotrochozoa]], and + [[Ecdysozoa]] most likely split here diff --git a/eumetazoa.md b/eumetazoa.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c69a77b --- /dev/null +++ b/eumetazoa.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +# Eumetazoa + +- 2 germ layers, [[ectoderm]] and [[endoderm]] +- True tissues +- Extracellular digestion diff --git a/gastrula.md b/gastrula.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..24dfa3c --- /dev/null +++ b/gastrula.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +# Gastrula + +- The result of [[cleavage-divisions|Cleavage Divisions]] +- Has an [[ectoderm]] and an [[endoderm]] +- Has a [[blastopore]] leading to an [[archenteron]] diff --git a/hox-genes.md b/hox-genes.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1281976 --- /dev/null +++ b/hox-genes.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# Hox Genes + +- Code for Hox proteins containing [[homeodomain]] +- Control the development of other genes diff --git a/metazoa.md b/metazoa.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5903d2e --- /dev/null +++ b/metazoa.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Metazoa + +- [[pull]] [[Animalia]] diff --git a/morphogenesis.md b/morphogenesis.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f025720 --- /dev/null +++ b/morphogenesis.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# Morphogenesis + +- The specialization of cells +- Example is developing a [[Gastrula]] diff --git a/neoproterozoic.md b/neoproterozoic.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..55e793c --- /dev/null +++ b/neoproterozoic.md @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +# Neoproterozoic + +- Last part of the [[Proterozoic]] +- During the [[Cryogenian]], there were two long glaciation periods where the + Earth was mostly covered in ice +- Ends with the [[Ediacaran]] diff --git a/proterozoic.md b/proterozoic.md index c06af35..a8b8458 100644 --- a/proterozoic.md +++ b/proterozoic.md @@ -1,2 +1,3 @@ # Proterozoic +- Ends with the [[Neoproterozoic]] diff --git a/protostomia.md b/protostomia.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..26a1c46 --- /dev/null +++ b/protostomia.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Protostomia + +- The [[blastopore]] develops into the mouth + +## Taxonomy + +- [[Protostomia]] + - [[Lophotrochozoa]] + - [[Annelida]] + - [[Mollusca]] + - Flatworms + - [[Ecdysozoa]] + - [[Arthropoda]] + - [[Nematoda]] diff --git a/radiata.md b/radiata.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e1d643b --- /dev/null +++ b/radiata.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Radiata + +- Radially symmetric diff --git a/sponge.md b/sponge.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5e077cb --- /dev/null +++ b/sponge.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# Sponge + +- The most basal of the [[Metazoa]] +- Intracellular digestion diff --git a/urbilaterian.md b/urbilaterian.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c808eeb --- /dev/null +++ b/urbilaterian.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Urbilaterian + +- Gave rise to the [[protostomia|protostomes]] and + [[deuterostomia|deuterostomes]] + - Had to be simple based on this +- Based on Hox genes common to most descendants: + - The Urbilaterian most likely had 6 segments + - It most likely had 2 eyes + - It most likely had a heart + - Had to be complex based on this +- Due to lack of fossil evidence, we don't know much for certain about it