diff --git a/include/psyc.h b/include/psyc.h
index cb68fc0..860d7d4 100644
--- a/include/psyc.h
+++ b/include/psyc.h
@@ -97,66 +97,95 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct
 {
 	size_t length;
-	const char* ptr;
-} PSYC_Array;
+	const char *ptr;
+} PSYC_String;
 
-#define	PSYC_C2ARRAY(string) { sizeof(string)-1, string }
+/**
+ * Shortcut for creating a PSYC_String.
+ *
+ * @param memory Pointer to the buffer.
+ * @param length Length of that buffer.
+ *
+ * @return An instance of the PSYC_String struct.
+ */
+inline PSYC_String PSYC_newString (const char *str, size_t strlen);
+
+#define	PSYC_C2STR(string) {sizeof(string)-1, string}
 #define	PSYC_C2ARG(string) string, sizeof(string)-1
 
 /* intermediate struct for a PSYC variable modification */
 typedef struct
 {
-	char oper;  // not call it 'operator' as C++ may not like that..?
-	PSYC_Array name;
-	PSYC_Array value;
+	char oper;  // not call it 'operator' as C++ may not like that..
+	PSYC_String name;
+	PSYC_String value;
 	PSYC_ModifierFlag flag;
 } PSYC_Modifier;
 
+typedef struct
+{
+	size_t length;
+	PSYC_Modifier *ptr;
+} PSYC_ModifierArray;
+
 /* intermediate struct for a PSYC packet */
 typedef struct
 {
-	PSYC_Modifier** routing; // Routing header
-	PSYC_Modifier** entity;	// Entitiy header
-	PSYC_Array method;
-	PSYC_Array data;
-	size_t length; /// Length of content part
+	PSYC_ModifierArray routing; ///< Routing header.
+	PSYC_ModifierArray entity;	///< Entitiy header.
+	PSYC_String method;
+	PSYC_String data;
+	size_t routingLength; ///< Length of routing part.
+	size_t contentLength; ///< Length of content part.
+	size_t length; ///< Total length of packet.
 	PSYC_PacketFlag flag;
 } PSYC_Packet;
 
-PSYC_Modifier PSYC_newModifier(char* oper, PSYC_Array* name, PSYC_Array* value, PSYC_ModifierFlag flag);
+inline PSYC_Modifier PSYC_newModifier(char oper, PSYC_String *name, PSYC_String *value,
+                                      PSYC_ModifierFlag flag);
 
-PSYC_Modifier PSYC_newModifier2(char* oper, char* name, size_t namelen, char* value, size_t valuelen, PSYC_ModifierFlag flag);
+inline PSYC_Modifier PSYC_newModifier2(char oper,
+                                       const char *name, size_t namelen,
+                                       const char *value, size_t valuelen,
+                                       PSYC_ModifierFlag flag);
 
-PSYC_Packet PSYC_newPacket(PSYC_Modifier** routing, PSYC_Modifier **entity, PSYC_Array* method, PSYC_Array* data, PSYC_PacketFlag flag);
+inline PSYC_Packet PSYC_newPacket(PSYC_ModifierArray *routing,
+                                  PSYC_ModifierArray *entity,
+                                  PSYC_String *method, PSYC_String *data,
+                                  PSYC_PacketFlag flag);
 
-PSYC_Packet PSYC_newPacket2(PSYC_Modifier** routing, PSYC_Modifier **entity, char* method, size_t methodlen, char* data, size_t datalen, PSYC_PacketFlag flag);
+inline PSYC_Packet PSYC_newPacket2(PSYC_Modifier **routing, size_t routinglen,
+                                   PSYC_Modifier **entity, size_t entitylen,
+                                   const char *method, size_t methodlen,
+                                   const char *data, size_t datalen,
+                                   PSYC_PacketFlag flag);
 
 /// Routing vars in alphabetical order.
-extern const PSYC_Array PSYC_routingVars[];
+extern const PSYC_String PSYC_routingVars[];
 /// Number of routing vars.
 extern const size_t PSYC_routingVarsNum;
 
 /**
  * Get the type of variable name.
  */
-PSYC_Bool PSYC_isRoutingVar(const char* name, size_t len);
+PSYC_Bool PSYC_isRoutingVar(const char *name, size_t len);
 
 /**
  * Get the type of variable name.
  */
-PSYC_Type PSYC_getVarType(char* name, size_t len);
+PSYC_Type PSYC_getVarType(char *name, size_t len);
 
 /**
  * Checks if long keyword string inherits from short keyword string.
  */
-int PSYC_inherits(char* sho, size_t slen,
-		  char* lon, size_t llen);
+int PSYC_inherits(char *sho, size_t slen,
+                  char *lon, size_t llen);
 
 /**
  * Checks if short keyword string matches long keyword string.
  */
-int PSYC_matches(char* sho, size_t slen,
-		 char* lon, size_t llen);
+int PSYC_matches(char *sho, size_t slen,
+                 char *lon, size_t llen);
 
 /**
  * Callback for PSYC_text() that produces a value for a match.
@@ -167,8 +196,8 @@ int PSYC_matches(char* sho, size_t slen,
  * number of bytes written. 0 is a legal return value. Should the
  * callback return -1, PSYC_text leaves the original template text as is.
  */
-typedef int (*PSYC_textCB)(uint8_t* match, size_t  mlen,
-		           uint8_t** buffer, size_t * blen);
+typedef int (*PSYC_textCB)(uint8_t *match, size_t  mlen,
+                           uint8_t **buffer, size_t *blen);
 
 /**
  * Fills out text templates by asking a callback for content.
@@ -183,9 +212,9 @@ typedef int (*PSYC_textCB)(uint8_t* match, size_t  mlen,
  *
  * See also http://about.psyc.eu/psyctext
  */
-int PSYC_text(uint8_t* template, size_t  tlen,
-	      uint8_t** buffer, size_t * blen,
-	      PSYC_textCB lookupValue,
-	      char* braceOpen, char* braceClose);
+int PSYC_text(uint8_t *template, size_t  tlen,
+              uint8_t **buffer, size_t *blen,
+              PSYC_textCB lookupValue,
+              char *braceOpen, char *braceClose);
 
 #endif // PSYC_H
diff --git a/include/psyc/parser.h b/include/psyc/parser.h
index caf4c59..7af13f1 100644
--- a/include/psyc/parser.h
+++ b/include/psyc/parser.h
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ typedef struct
 {
 	size_t cursor; ///< current position in buffer
 	size_t startc; ///< position where the parsing would be resumed
-	PSYC_Array buffer; ///< buffer with data to be parsed
+	PSYC_String buffer; ///< buffer with data to be parsed
 	uint8_t flags; ///< flags for the parser, see PSYC_ParseFlag
 	PSYC_Part part; ///< part of the packet being parsed currently
 
@@ -105,23 +105,13 @@ typedef struct
 {
 	size_t cursor; ///< current position in buffer
 	size_t startc; ///< line start position
-	PSYC_Array buffer;
+	PSYC_String buffer;
 	PSYC_ListType type; ///< list type
 
 	size_t elemParsed; ///< number of bytes parsed from the elem so far
 	size_t elemLength; ///< expected length of the elem
 } PSYC_ParseListState;
 
-/**
- * Shortcut for creating an array.
- *
- * @param memory Pointer to the buffer.
- * @param length Length of that buffer.
- *
- * @return An instance of the PSYC_Array struct.
- */
-inline PSYC_Array PSYC_createArray (const char* memory, size_t length);
-
 /**
  * Initiates the state struct.
  *
@@ -144,9 +134,9 @@ inline void PSYC_initParseState2 (PSYC_ParseState* state, uint8_t flags);
  */
 inline void PSYC_initParseListState (PSYC_ParseListState* state);
 
-inline void PSYC_nextParseBuffer (PSYC_ParseState* state, PSYC_Array newBuf);
+inline void PSYC_nextParseBuffer (PSYC_ParseState* state, PSYC_String newBuf);
 
-inline void PSYC_nextParseListBuffer (PSYC_ParseListState* state, PSYC_Array newBuf);
+inline void PSYC_nextParseListBuffer (PSYC_ParseListState* state, PSYC_String newBuf);
 
 inline size_t PSYC_getContentLength (PSYC_ParseState* s);
 
@@ -158,17 +148,17 @@ inline size_t PSYC_getContentLength (PSYC_ParseState* s);
  * @param state An initialized PSYC_ParseState
  * @param operator A pointer to a character. In case of a variable, it will
  *                 be set to the operator of that variable
- * @param name A pointer to a PSYC_Array. It will point to the name of
+ * @param name A pointer to a PSYC_String. It will point to the name of
  *             the variable or method and its length will be set accordingly
- * @param value A pointer to a PSYC_Array. It will point to the
+ * @param value A pointer to a PSYC_String. It will point to the
  *              value/body the variable/method and its length will be set accordingly
  */
-PSYC_ParseRC PSYC_parse(PSYC_ParseState* state, char* oper, PSYC_Array* name, PSYC_Array* value);
+PSYC_ParseRC PSYC_parse(PSYC_ParseState* state, char* oper, PSYC_String* name, PSYC_String* value);
 
 /**
  * List value parser.
  */
-PSYC_ParseListRC PSYC_parseList(PSYC_ParseListState* state, PSYC_Array *name, PSYC_Array* value, PSYC_Array* elem);
+PSYC_ParseListRC PSYC_parseList(PSYC_ParseListState* state, PSYC_String *name, PSYC_String* value, PSYC_String* elem);
 
 #endif // PSYC_PARSER_H
 
diff --git a/include/psyc/render.h b/include/psyc/render.h
index 34c0969..c70d108 100644
--- a/include/psyc/render.h
+++ b/include/psyc/render.h
@@ -32,11 +32,14 @@ typedef struct
 	char buffer[]; ///< OMG a C99 feature! variable size buffer!
 } PSYC_RenderState;
 
+PSYC_RenderRC PSYC_render(PSYC_Packet *packet, char *buffer, size_t buflen);
+
 /**
  * Initiates the state struct.
  *
  * @param state Pointer to the state struct that should be initiated.
  */
+/*
 inline void PSYC_initRenderState (PSYC_RenderState* state);
 
 int PSYC_renderModifier(PSYC_RenderState* render,
@@ -47,5 +50,5 @@ int PSYC_renderModifier(PSYC_RenderState* render,
 int PSYC_renderBody(PSYC_RenderState* render,
                     const char* method, size_t mlength,
                     const char* data, size_t dlength);
-
+*/
 #endif // PSYC_RENDER_H
diff --git a/include/psyc/syntax.h b/include/psyc/syntax.h
index ab4ff0d..92aadb9 100644
--- a/include/psyc/syntax.h
+++ b/include/psyc/syntax.h
@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@
 # define PSYC_CONTENT_SIZE_THRESHOLD 444
 #endif
 
+/* beyond this a modifier value length must be provided */
+#ifndef PSYC_MODIFIER_SIZE_THRESHOLD
+# define PSYC_MODIFIER_SIZE_THRESHOLD 404
+#endif
+
 #define C_GLYPH_PACKET_DELIMITER	'|'
 #define S_GLYPH_PACKET_DELIMITER	"|"
 #define PSYC_PACKET_DELIMITER	      "\n|\n"
diff --git a/src/Makefile b/src/Makefile
index 4a3b661..86c6c09 100644
--- a/src/Makefile
+++ b/src/Makefile
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ CFLAGS=-I../include -DDEBUG=2 -DPSYC_COMPILE_LIBRARY -g -O0 -Wall
 CC=cc
 # CC=clang
 
-S=parser.c match.c render.c memmem.c variable.c
-O=parser.o match.o render.o memmem.o variable.o
+S=psyc.c parser.c match.c render.c memmem.c variable.c
+O=psyc.o parser.o match.o render.o memmem.o variable.o
 
 default: 
 	@/bin/echo -e "Usage:\n\tmake diet - compile with diet libc\n\tmake lib  - compile with normal gnu libc"
diff --git a/src/parser.c b/src/parser.c
index 3638023..13852fd 100644
--- a/src/parser.c
+++ b/src/parser.c
@@ -15,12 +15,6 @@
 		return ret;																	 \
 	}
 
-inline PSYC_Array PSYC_createArray (const char* memory, size_t length)
-{
-	PSYC_Array arr = {length, memory};
-	return arr;
-}
-
 inline void PSYC_initParseState (PSYC_ParseState* state)
 {
 	memset(state, 0, sizeof(PSYC_ParseState));
@@ -37,13 +31,13 @@ inline void PSYC_initParseListState (PSYC_ParseListState* state)
 	memset(state, 0, sizeof(PSYC_ParseListState));
 }
 
-inline void PSYC_nextParseBuffer (PSYC_ParseState* state, PSYC_Array newBuf)
+inline void PSYC_nextParseBuffer (PSYC_ParseState* state, PSYC_String newBuf)
 {
 	state->buffer = newBuf;
 	state->cursor = 0;
 }
 
-inline void PSYC_nextParseListBuffer (PSYC_ParseListState* state, PSYC_Array newBuf)
+inline void PSYC_nextParseListBuffer (PSYC_ParseListState* state, PSYC_String newBuf)
 {
 	state->buffer = newBuf;
 	state->cursor = 0;
@@ -107,7 +101,7 @@ inline char isKwChar(uint8_t c)
  * It should contain one or more keyword characters.
  * @return PSYC_PARSE_ERROR or PSYC_PARSE_SUCCESS
  */
-inline PSYC_ParseRC PSYC_parseName(PSYC_ParseState* state, PSYC_Array* name)
+inline PSYC_ParseRC PSYC_parseName(PSYC_ParseState* state, PSYC_String* name)
 {
 	name->ptr = state->buffer.ptr + state->cursor;
 	name->length = 0;
@@ -131,7 +125,7 @@ inline PSYC_ParseRC PSYC_parseName(PSYC_ParseState* state, PSYC_Array* name)
  *
  * @return PSYC_PARSE_COMPLETE or PSYC_PARSE_INCOMPLETE
  */
-inline PSYC_ParseRC PSYC_parseBinaryValue(PSYC_ParseState* state, PSYC_Array* value, size_t* length, size_t* parsed)
+inline PSYC_ParseRC PSYC_parseBinaryValue(PSYC_ParseState* state, PSYC_String* value, size_t* length, size_t* parsed)
 {
 	size_t remaining = *length - *parsed;
 	value->ptr = state->buffer.ptr + state->cursor;
@@ -154,7 +148,7 @@ inline PSYC_ParseRC PSYC_parseBinaryValue(PSYC_ParseState* state, PSYC_Array* va
  * Parse simple or binary variable.
  * @return PSYC_PARSE_ERROR or PSYC_PARSE_SUCCESS
  */
-inline PSYC_ParseRC PSYC_parseModifier(PSYC_ParseState* state, char* oper, PSYC_Array* name, PSYC_Array* value)
+inline PSYC_ParseRC PSYC_parseModifier(PSYC_ParseState* state, char* oper, PSYC_String* name, PSYC_String* value)
 {
 	*oper = *(state->buffer.ptr + state->cursor);
 	ADVANCE_CURSOR_OR_RETURN(PSYC_PARSE_INSUFFICIENT);
@@ -218,7 +212,7 @@ inline PSYC_ParseRC PSYC_parseModifier(PSYC_ParseState* state, char* oper, PSYC_
  * Parse PSYC packets.
  * Generalized line-based parser.
  */
-PSYC_ParseRC PSYC_parse(PSYC_ParseState* state, char* oper, PSYC_Array* name, PSYC_Array* value)
+PSYC_ParseRC PSYC_parse(PSYC_ParseState* state, char* oper, PSYC_String* name, PSYC_String* value)
 {
 	int ret; // a return value
 	size_t pos;	// a cursor position
@@ -408,7 +402,7 @@ PSYC_ParseRC PSYC_parse(PSYC_ParseState* state, char* oper, PSYC_Array* name, PS
  * List value parser.
  * @return see PSYC_ListRC.
  */
-PSYC_ParseListRC PSYC_parseList(PSYC_ParseListState* state, PSYC_Array *name, PSYC_Array* value, PSYC_Array* elem)
+PSYC_ParseListRC PSYC_parseList(PSYC_ParseListState* state, PSYC_String *name, PSYC_String* value, PSYC_String* elem)
 {
 	if (state->cursor >= state->buffer.length)
 		return PSYC_PARSE_LIST_INCOMPLETE;
diff --git a/src/psyc.c b/src/psyc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6aec5e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/psyc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#include <psyc/lib.h>
+#include <psyc/syntax.h>
+
+#include <math.h>
+
+inline PSYC_String PSYC_newString (const char *str, size_t strlen)
+{
+	PSYC_String s = {strlen, str};
+	return s;
+}
+
+inline PSYC_Modifier PSYC_newModifier(char oper, PSYC_String *name, PSYC_String *value,
+                                      PSYC_ModifierFlag flag)
+{
+	PSYC_Modifier m = {oper, *name, *value, flag};
+
+	if (flag == PSYC_MODIFIER_CHECK_LENGTH) // find out if it needs a length
+	{
+		if (value->length > PSYC_MODIFIER_SIZE_THRESHOLD)
+	    m.flag = PSYC_PACKET_NEED_LENGTH;
+		else if (memchr(value->ptr, (int)'\n', value->length))
+	    m.flag = PSYC_PACKET_NEED_LENGTH;
+		else
+	    m.flag = PSYC_PACKET_NO_LENGTH;
+	}
+
+	return m;
+}
+
+inline PSYC_Modifier PSYC_newModifier2(char oper,
+                                       const char *name, size_t namelen,
+                                       const char *value, size_t valuelen,
+                                       PSYC_ModifierFlag flag)
+{
+	PSYC_String n = {namelen, name};
+	PSYC_String v = {valuelen, value};
+
+	return PSYC_newModifier(oper, &n, &v, flag);
+}
+
+inline size_t PSYC_getModifierLength(PSYC_Modifier *m)
+{
+	size_t length =
+		m->name.length + 1 + // name\t
+		m->value.length + 1; // value\n
+
+	if (m->flag == PSYC_MODIFIER_NEED_LENGTH) // add length of length if needed
+		length += log10((double)m->value.length) + 2; // SP length
+
+	return length;
+}
+
+inline PSYC_Packet PSYC_newPacket(PSYC_ModifierArray *routing,
+                                  PSYC_ModifierArray *entity,
+                                  PSYC_String *method, PSYC_String *data,
+                                  PSYC_PacketFlag flag)
+{
+	PSYC_Packet p = {*routing, *entity, *method, *data, 0, 0, flag};
+	size_t i;
+
+	if (flag == PSYC_PACKET_CHECK_LENGTH) // find out if it needs a length
+	{
+		if (data->length == 1 && data->ptr[0] == C_GLYPH_PACKET_DELIMITER)
+	    p.flag = PSYC_PACKET_NEED_LENGTH;
+		else if (data->length > PSYC_CONTENT_SIZE_THRESHOLD)
+	    p.flag = PSYC_PACKET_NEED_LENGTH;
+		else if (memmem(data->ptr, data->length, PSYC_C2ARG(PSYC_PACKET_DELIMITER)))
+	    p.flag = PSYC_PACKET_NEED_LENGTH;
+		else
+	    p.flag = PSYC_PACKET_NO_LENGTH;
+	}
+
+	// calculate routing header length
+	for (i = 0; i < routing->length; i++)
+		p.routingLength += PSYC_getModifierLength(&routing->ptr[i]);
+
+	// calculate entity header length
+	for (i = 0; i < entity->length; i++)
+		p.contentLength += PSYC_getModifierLength(&routing->ptr[i]);
+
+	// add length of method, data & delimiter
+	p.contentLength += method->length + 1 + data->length; // method \n data
+
+	// set total length: routing-header \n content \n|\n
+	p.length = p.routingLength + 1 + p.contentLength + sizeof(PSYC_PACKET_DELIMITER) - 1; 
+	if (flag == PSYC_PACKET_NEED_LENGTH) // add length of length if needed
+		p.length += log10((double)data->length) + 1;	
+
+	return p;
+}
+
+inline PSYC_Packet PSYC_newPacket2(PSYC_Modifier **routing, size_t routinglen,
+                                   PSYC_Modifier **entity, size_t entitylen,
+                                   const char *method, size_t methodlen,
+                                   const char *data, size_t datalen,
+                                   PSYC_PacketFlag flag)
+{
+	PSYC_ModifierArray r = {routinglen, *routing};
+	PSYC_ModifierArray e = {entitylen, *entity};
+	PSYC_String m = {methodlen, method};
+	PSYC_String d = {datalen, data};
+
+	return PSYC_newPacket(&r, &e, &m, &d, flag);
+}
diff --git a/src/render.c b/src/render.c
index 7052f79..bcf9d7f 100644
--- a/src/render.c
+++ b/src/render.c
@@ -1,14 +1,57 @@
 #include "psyc/lib.h"
 #include "psyc/render.h"
 
-inline void PSYC_initRenderState (PSYC_RenderState* state)
+inline int PSYC_renderModifier(PSYC_Modifier *m, char *buffer)
+{
+	int cur = 0;
+
+	memcpy(buffer + cur++, &m->oper, 1);
+	memcpy(buffer + cur, m->name.ptr, m->name.length);
+	cur += m->name.length;
+	if (m->flag == PSYC_MODIFIER_NEED_LENGTH)
+	{
+		memcpy(buffer + cur++, " ", 1);
+		cur += sprintf(buffer + cur, "%ld", m->value.length);
+	}
+	memcpy(buffer + cur, m->value.ptr, m->value.length);
+	cur += m->value.length;
+	memcpy(buffer + cur++, "\n", 1);
+
+	return cur;
+}
+
+PSYC_RenderRC PSYC_render(PSYC_Packet *packet, char *buffer, size_t buflen)
+{
+	size_t cur, i;
+
+	if (packet->length > buflen)
+		return PSYC_RENDER_ERROR;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < packet->routing.length; i++)
+		cur += PSYC_renderModifier(&packet->routing.ptr[i], buffer + cur);
+
+	if (packet->flag == PSYC_PACKET_NEED_LENGTH)
+		cur += sprintf(buffer + cur, "%ld", packet->contentLength);
+
+	memcpy(buffer + cur++, "\n", 1);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < packet->entity.length; i++)
+		cur += PSYC_renderModifier(&packet->entity.ptr[i], buffer + cur);
+
+	memcpy(buffer + cur, PSYC_C2ARG(PSYC_PACKET_DELIMITER));
+
+	return PSYC_RENDER_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+inline void PSYC_initRenderState (PSYC_RenderState *state)
 {
 	memset(state, 0, sizeof(PSYC_RenderState));
 }
 
-PSYC_RenderRC PSYC_renderModifier(PSYC_RenderState* state,
-                                const char* name, size_t nlength,
-                                const char* value, size_t vlength,
+PSYC_RenderRC PSYC_renderModifier(PSYC_RenderState *state,
+                                const char *name, size_t nlength,
+                                const char *value, size_t vlength,
                                 const PSYC_RenderFlag flags, char oper)
 {
 	size_t startc = state->cursor;
@@ -51,10 +94,9 @@ PSYC_RenderRC PSYC_renderModifier(PSYC_RenderState* state,
 	return PSYC_RENDER_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-/* render PSYC packets */
-PSYC_RenderRC PSYC_renderBody(PSYC_RenderState* state,
-                    const char* method, size_t mlength,
-                    const char* data, size_t dlength)
+PSYC_RenderRC PSYC_renderBody(PSYC_RenderState *state,
+                    const char *method, size_t mlength,
+                    const char *data, size_t dlength)
 {
 	if (state->flag == PSYC_RENDER_CHECK_LENGTH)
 	{
@@ -63,7 +105,7 @@ PSYC_RenderRC PSYC_renderBody(PSYC_RenderState* state,
 	    state->flag = PSYC_RENDER_NEED_LENGTH;
 		else if (dlength > 404)
 	    state->flag = PSYC_RENDER_NEED_LENGTH;
-		else if (memmem(data, dlength, PSYC_PACKET_DELIMITER, sizeof(PSYC_PACKET_DELIMITER)))
+		else if (memmem(data, dlength, PSYC_C2ARG(PSYC_PACKET_DELIMITER)))
 	    state->flag = PSYC_RENDER_NEED_LENGTH;
 		else
 	    state->flag = PSYC_RENDER_NO_LENGTH;
@@ -73,3 +115,4 @@ PSYC_RenderRC PSYC_renderBody(PSYC_RenderState* state,
 
 	return PSYC_RENDER_SUCCESS;
 }
+*/
diff --git a/src/variable.c b/src/variable.c
index 3754136..6048d36 100644
--- a/src/variable.c
+++ b/src/variable.c
@@ -1,28 +1,27 @@
 #include <psyc.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
-const PSYC_Array PSYC_routingVars[] = /// Routing variables in alphabetical order.
+/// Routing variables in alphabetical order.
+const PSYC_String PSYC_routingVars[] =
 {
-	{17, "_amount_fragments"},
-	{ 8, "_context"},
-//	{ 6, "_count"},			// older PSYC
-	{ 8, "_counter"}, // the name for this is supposed to be _count, not _counter
-	{ 9, "_fragment"},
-//	{ 7, "_length"},		// older PSYC
-	{ 7, "_source"},
-	PSYC_C2ARRAY("_source_identification"),
-//	{22, "_source_identification"},
-	PSYC_C2ARRAY("_source_relay"),
-//	{13, "_source_relay"},
-	{19, "_source_relay_relay"}, // until you have a better idea.. is this really in use?
-	{ 4, "_tag"},
-	{10, "_tag_relay"},
-//	{10, "_tag_reply"},		// older PSYC
-	{ 7, "_target"},
-	{15, "_target_forward"},
-	{13, "_target_relay"},
-//	{19, "_understand_modules"},    // older PSYC
-//	{14, "_using_modules"},	   	// older PSYC
+	PSYC_C2STR("_amount_fragments"),
+	PSYC_C2STR("_context"),
+	//PSYC_C2STR("_count"),			// older PSYC
+	PSYC_C2STR("_counter"), // the name for this is supposed to be _count, not _counter
+	PSYC_C2STR("_fragment"),
+	//PSYC_C2STR("_length"),		// older PSYC
+	PSYC_C2STR("_source"),
+	PSYC_C2STR("_source_identification"),
+	PSYC_C2STR("_source_relay"),
+	PSYC_C2STR("_source_relay_relay"), // until you have a better idea.. is this really in use?
+	PSYC_C2STR("_tag"),
+	PSYC_C2STR("_tag_relay"),
+	//PSYC_C2STR("_tag_reply"),		// older PSYC
+	PSYC_C2STR("_target"),
+	PSYC_C2STR("_target_forward"),
+	PSYC_C2STR("_target_relay"),
+	//PSYC_C2STR(19, "_understand_modules"),    // older PSYC
+	//PSYC_C2STR(14, "_using_modules"),	   	// older PSYC
 };
 
 const size_t PSYC_routingVarsNum = sizeof(PSYC_routingVars) / sizeof(*PSYC_routingVars);
diff --git a/test/Makefile b/test/Makefile
index 2cd792c..459d777 100644
--- a/test/Makefile
+++ b/test/Makefile
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 CFLAGS=-I../include -DDEBUG -g -O0 -Wall
 LDFLAGS=-L../src
-LOADLIBES=-lpsyc
+LOADLIBES=-lpsyc -lm
 TARGETS=testParser testMatch testRender isRoutingVar
 
 all: $(TARGETS)
diff --git a/test/isRoutingVar.c b/test/isRoutingVar.c
index e744b95..10121b2 100644
--- a/test/isRoutingVar.c
+++ b/test/isRoutingVar.c
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv)
 {
-	char* vars[] =
+	const char* vars[] =
 	{
 		"_source",
 		"_source_relay",
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 	int i;
 	for (i = 0; i < sizeof(vars) / sizeof(*vars); i++)
 	{
+		printf(">> %s: %ld %ld\n", vars[i], sizeof(vars[i]), sizeof(*vars[i]));
 		printf("%s: %d\n", vars[i], PSYC_isRoutingVar(vars[i], strlen(vars[i])));
 	}
 
diff --git a/test/testParser.c b/test/testParser.c
index de6b584..83792ce 100644
--- a/test/testParser.c
+++ b/test/testParser.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 {
 	int index, ret;
 	char buffer[2048], oper;
-	PSYC_Array name, value, elem;
+	PSYC_String name, value, elem;
 	PSYC_ParseState state;
 	PSYC_ParseListState listState;
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 	write(1, ">> PARSE\n", 9);
 
 	PSYC_initParseState(&state);
-	PSYC_nextParseBuffer(&state, PSYC_createArray(buffer, index));
+	PSYC_nextParseBuffer(&state, PSYC_newString(buffer, index));
 
 	// try parsing that now
 	while ((ret = PSYC_parse(&state, &oper, &name, &value)))
diff --git a/test/testRender.c b/test/testRender.c
index e3900ae..b79a53b 100644
--- a/test/testRender.c
+++ b/test/testRender.c
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ int writePresence(const char *avail, int availlen, const char *desc, int desclen
 	}
 //	if (PSYC_initBuffer(pb, WHATEVER)) die("PSYC_initBuffer hates me");
 
-	(void) PSYC_renderVar(pb, "_context", 0,
+	(void) PSYC_renderModifier(pb, "_context", 0,
 				 myUNI, sizeof(myUNI), PSYC_RENDER_ROUTING, 0);
 
 	// the first call to PSYC_renderHeader() without PSYC_RENDER_ROUTING adds the
 	// extra newline to the buffer. later vars with PSYC_RENDER_ROUTING cause an error.
-	(void) PSYC_renderVar(pb, "_degree_availability", 0, avail, availlen, 0, C_GLYPH_OPERATOR_ASSIGN);
-	(void) PSYC_renderVar(pb, "_description_presence", 0, desc, desclen, 0, C_GLYPH_OPERATOR_ASSIGN);
+	(void) PSYC_renderModifier(pb, "_degree_availability", 0, avail, availlen, 0, C_GLYPH_OPERATOR_ASSIGN);
+	(void) PSYC_renderModifier(pb, "_description_presence", 0, desc, desclen, 0, C_GLYPH_OPERATOR_ASSIGN);
 	// presence is to be assigned permanently in distributed state
 
 	(void) PSYC_renderBody(pb, "_notice_presence", 0,