add files from wakatime package to git

This commit is contained in:
Alan Hamlett 2014-06-09 15:23:46 -05:00
parent 113dd03348
commit a0c8165582
13 changed files with 3756 additions and 0 deletions

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'''
Custom exceptions raised by pytz.
'''
__all__ = [
'UnknownTimeZoneError', 'InvalidTimeError', 'AmbiguousTimeError',
'NonExistentTimeError',
]
class UnknownTimeZoneError(KeyError):
'''Exception raised when pytz is passed an unknown timezone.
>>> isinstance(UnknownTimeZoneError(), LookupError)
True
This class is actually a subclass of KeyError to provide backwards
compatibility with code relying on the undocumented behavior of earlier
pytz releases.
>>> isinstance(UnknownTimeZoneError(), KeyError)
True
'''
pass
class InvalidTimeError(Exception):
'''Base class for invalid time exceptions.'''
class AmbiguousTimeError(InvalidTimeError):
'''Exception raised when attempting to create an ambiguous wallclock time.
At the end of a DST transition period, a particular wallclock time will
occur twice (once before the clocks are set back, once after). Both
possibilities may be correct, unless further information is supplied.
See DstTzInfo.normalize() for more info
'''
class NonExistentTimeError(InvalidTimeError):
'''Exception raised when attempting to create a wallclock time that
cannot exist.
At the start of a DST transition period, the wallclock time jumps forward.
The instants jumped over never occur.
'''

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from threading import RLock
try:
from UserDict import DictMixin
except ImportError:
from collections import Mapping as DictMixin
_fill_lock = RLock()
class LazyDict(DictMixin):
"""Dictionary populated on first use."""
data = None
def __getitem__(self, key):
if self.data is None:
_fill_lock.acquire()
try:
if self.data is None:
self._fill()
finally:
_fill_lock.release()
return self.data[key.upper()]
def __contains__(self, key):
if self.data is None:
_fill_lock.acquire()
try:
if self.data is None:
self._fill()
finally:
_fill_lock_release()
return key in self.data
def __iter__(self):
if self.data is None:
_fill_lock.acquire()
try:
if self.data is None:
self._fill()
finally:
_fill_lock.release()
return iter(self.data)
def __len__(self):
if self.data is None:
_fill_lock.acquire()
try:
if self.data is None:
self._fill()
finally:
_fill_lock.release()
return len(self.data)
def keys(self):
if self.data is None:
_fill_lock.acquire()
try:
if self.data is None:
self._fill()
finally:
_fill_lock.release()
return list(self.data.keys())
class LazyList(list):
"""List populated on first use."""
def __new__(cls, fill_iter):
class LazyList(list):
_fill_iter = None
_props = (
'__str__', '__repr__', '__unicode__',
'__hash__', '__sizeof__', '__cmp__', '__nonzero__',
'__lt__', '__le__', '__eq__', '__ne__', '__gt__', '__ge__',
'append', 'count', 'index', 'extend', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove',
'reverse', 'sort', '__add__', '__radd__', '__iadd__', '__mul__',
'__rmul__', '__imul__', '__contains__', '__len__', '__nonzero__',
'__getitem__', '__setitem__', '__delitem__', '__iter__',
'__reversed__', '__getslice__', '__setslice__', '__delslice__')
def lazy(name):
def _lazy(self, *args, **kw):
if self._fill_iter is not None:
_fill_lock.acquire()
try:
if self._fill_iter is not None:
list.extend(self, self._fill_iter)
self._fill_iter = None
finally:
_fill_lock.release()
real = getattr(list, name)
setattr(self.__class__, name, real)
return real(self, *args, **kw)
return _lazy
for name in _props:
setattr(LazyList, name, lazy(name))
new_list = LazyList()
new_list._fill_iter = fill_iter
return new_list
class LazySet(set):
"""Set populated on first use."""
def __new__(cls, fill_iter):
class LazySet(set):
_fill_iter = None
_props = (
'__str__', '__repr__', '__unicode__',
'__hash__', '__sizeof__', '__cmp__', '__nonzero__',
'__lt__', '__le__', '__eq__', '__ne__', '__gt__', '__ge__',
'__contains__', '__len__', '__nonzero__',
'__getitem__', '__setitem__', '__delitem__', '__iter__',
'__sub__', '__and__', '__xor__', '__or__',
'__rsub__', '__rand__', '__rxor__', '__ror__',
'__isub__', '__iand__', '__ixor__', '__ior__',
'add', 'clear', 'copy', 'difference', 'difference_update',
'discard', 'intersection', 'intersection_update', 'isdisjoint',
'issubset', 'issuperset', 'pop', 'remove',
'symmetric_difference', 'symmetric_difference_update',
'union', 'update')
def lazy(name):
def _lazy(self, *args, **kw):
if self._fill_iter is not None:
_fill_lock.acquire()
try:
if self._fill_iter is not None:
for i in self._fill_iter:
set.add(self, i)
self._fill_iter = None
finally:
_fill_lock.release()
real = getattr(set, name)
setattr(self.__class__, name, real)
return real(self, *args, **kw)
return _lazy
for name in _props:
setattr(LazySet, name, lazy(name))
new_set = LazySet()
new_set._fill_iter = fill_iter
return new_set

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'''
Reference tzinfo implementations from the Python docs.
Used for testing against as they are only correct for the years
1987 to 2006. Do not use these for real code.
'''
from datetime import tzinfo, timedelta, datetime
from pytz import utc, UTC, HOUR, ZERO
# A class building tzinfo objects for fixed-offset time zones.
# Note that FixedOffset(0, "UTC") is a different way to build a
# UTC tzinfo object.
class FixedOffset(tzinfo):
"""Fixed offset in minutes east from UTC."""
def __init__(self, offset, name):
self.__offset = timedelta(minutes = offset)
self.__name = name
def utcoffset(self, dt):
return self.__offset
def tzname(self, dt):
return self.__name
def dst(self, dt):
return ZERO
# A class capturing the platform's idea of local time.
import time as _time
STDOFFSET = timedelta(seconds = -_time.timezone)
if _time.daylight:
DSTOFFSET = timedelta(seconds = -_time.altzone)
else:
DSTOFFSET = STDOFFSET
DSTDIFF = DSTOFFSET - STDOFFSET
class LocalTimezone(tzinfo):
def utcoffset(self, dt):
if self._isdst(dt):
return DSTOFFSET
else:
return STDOFFSET
def dst(self, dt):
if self._isdst(dt):
return DSTDIFF
else:
return ZERO
def tzname(self, dt):
return _time.tzname[self._isdst(dt)]
def _isdst(self, dt):
tt = (dt.year, dt.month, dt.day,
dt.hour, dt.minute, dt.second,
dt.weekday(), 0, -1)
stamp = _time.mktime(tt)
tt = _time.localtime(stamp)
return tt.tm_isdst > 0
Local = LocalTimezone()
# A complete implementation of current DST rules for major US time zones.
def first_sunday_on_or_after(dt):
days_to_go = 6 - dt.weekday()
if days_to_go:
dt += timedelta(days_to_go)
return dt
# In the US, DST starts at 2am (standard time) on the first Sunday in April.
DSTSTART = datetime(1, 4, 1, 2)
# and ends at 2am (DST time; 1am standard time) on the last Sunday of Oct.
# which is the first Sunday on or after Oct 25.
DSTEND = datetime(1, 10, 25, 1)
class USTimeZone(tzinfo):
def __init__(self, hours, reprname, stdname, dstname):
self.stdoffset = timedelta(hours=hours)
self.reprname = reprname
self.stdname = stdname
self.dstname = dstname
def __repr__(self):
return self.reprname
def tzname(self, dt):
if self.dst(dt):
return self.dstname
else:
return self.stdname
def utcoffset(self, dt):
return self.stdoffset + self.dst(dt)
def dst(self, dt):
if dt is None or dt.tzinfo is None:
# An exception may be sensible here, in one or both cases.
# It depends on how you want to treat them. The default
# fromutc() implementation (called by the default astimezone()
# implementation) passes a datetime with dt.tzinfo is self.
return ZERO
assert dt.tzinfo is self
# Find first Sunday in April & the last in October.
start = first_sunday_on_or_after(DSTSTART.replace(year=dt.year))
end = first_sunday_on_or_after(DSTEND.replace(year=dt.year))
# Can't compare naive to aware objects, so strip the timezone from
# dt first.
if start <= dt.replace(tzinfo=None) < end:
return HOUR
else:
return ZERO
Eastern = USTimeZone(-5, "Eastern", "EST", "EDT")
Central = USTimeZone(-6, "Central", "CST", "CDT")
Mountain = USTimeZone(-7, "Mountain", "MST", "MDT")
Pacific = USTimeZone(-8, "Pacific", "PST", "PDT")

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# -*- coding: ascii -*-
from doctest import DocTestSuite
import unittest, os, os.path, sys
import warnings
# We test the documentation this way instead of using DocFileSuite so
# we can run the tests under Python 2.3
def test_README():
pass
this_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
locs = [
os.path.join(this_dir, os.pardir, 'README.txt'),
os.path.join(this_dir, os.pardir, os.pardir, 'README.txt'),
]
for loc in locs:
if os.path.exists(loc):
test_README.__doc__ = open(loc).read()
break
if test_README.__doc__ is None:
raise RuntimeError('README.txt not found')
def test_suite():
"For the Z3 test runner"
return DocTestSuite()
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(os.path.join(
this_dir, os.pardir, os.pardir
)))
unittest.main(defaultTest='test_suite')

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# -*- coding: ascii -*-
import sys, os, os.path
import unittest, doctest
try:
import pickle as pickle
except ImportError:
import pickle
from datetime import datetime, time, timedelta, tzinfo
import warnings
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Only munge path if invoked as a script. Testrunners should have setup
# the paths already
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.pardir, os.pardir)))
import pytz
from pytz import reference
from pytz.tzfile import _byte_string
from pytz.tzinfo import DstTzInfo, StaticTzInfo
# I test for expected version to ensure the correct version of pytz is
# actually being tested.
EXPECTED_VERSION='2013d'
fmt = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z%z'
NOTIME = timedelta(0)
# GMT is a tzinfo.StaticTzInfo--the class we primarily want to test--while
# UTC is reference implementation. They both have the same timezone meaning.
UTC = pytz.timezone('UTC')
GMT = pytz.timezone('GMT')
assert isinstance(GMT, StaticTzInfo), 'GMT is no longer a StaticTzInfo'
def prettydt(dt):
"""datetime as a string using a known format.
We don't use strftime as it doesn't handle years earlier than 1900
per http://bugs.python.org/issue1777412
"""
if dt.utcoffset() >= timedelta(0):
offset = '+%s' % (dt.utcoffset(),)
else:
offset = '-%s' % (-1 * dt.utcoffset(),)
return '%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d %s %s' % (
dt.year, dt.month, dt.day,
dt.hour, dt.minute, dt.second,
dt.tzname(), offset)
try:
str
except NameError:
# Python 3.x doesn't have unicode(), making writing code
# for Python 2.3 and Python 3.x a pain.
str = str
class BasicTest(unittest.TestCase):
def testVersion(self):
# Ensuring the correct version of pytz has been loaded
self.assertEqual(EXPECTED_VERSION, pytz.__version__,
'Incorrect pytz version loaded. Import path is stuffed '
'or this test needs updating. (Wanted %s, got %s)'
% (EXPECTED_VERSION, pytz.__version__)
)
def testGMT(self):
now = datetime.now(tz=GMT)
self.assertTrue(now.utcoffset() == NOTIME)
self.assertTrue(now.dst() == NOTIME)
self.assertTrue(now.timetuple() == now.utctimetuple())
self.assertTrue(now==now.replace(tzinfo=UTC))
def testReferenceUTC(self):
now = datetime.now(tz=UTC)
self.assertTrue(now.utcoffset() == NOTIME)
self.assertTrue(now.dst() == NOTIME)
self.assertTrue(now.timetuple() == now.utctimetuple())
def testUnknownOffsets(self):
# This tzinfo behavior is required to make
# datetime.time.{utcoffset, dst, tzname} work as documented.
dst_tz = pytz.timezone('US/Eastern')
# This information is not known when we don't have a date,
# so return None per API.
self.assertTrue(dst_tz.utcoffset(None) is None)
self.assertTrue(dst_tz.dst(None) is None)
# We don't know the abbreviation, but this is still a valid
# tzname per the Python documentation.
self.assertEqual(dst_tz.tzname(None), 'US/Eastern')
def clearCache(self):
pytz._tzinfo_cache.clear()
def testUnicodeTimezone(self):
# We need to ensure that cold lookups work for both Unicode
# and traditional strings, and that the desired singleton is
# returned.
self.clearCache()
eastern = pytz.timezone(str('US/Eastern'))
self.assertTrue(eastern is pytz.timezone('US/Eastern'))
self.clearCache()
eastern = pytz.timezone('US/Eastern')
self.assertTrue(eastern is pytz.timezone(str('US/Eastern')))
class PicklingTest(unittest.TestCase):
def _roundtrip_tzinfo(self, tz):
p = pickle.dumps(tz)
unpickled_tz = pickle.loads(p)
self.assertTrue(tz is unpickled_tz, '%s did not roundtrip' % tz.zone)
def _roundtrip_datetime(self, dt):
# Ensure that the tzinfo attached to a datetime instance
# is identical to the one returned. This is important for
# DST timezones, as some state is stored in the tzinfo.
tz = dt.tzinfo
p = pickle.dumps(dt)
unpickled_dt = pickle.loads(p)
unpickled_tz = unpickled_dt.tzinfo
self.assertTrue(tz is unpickled_tz, '%s did not roundtrip' % tz.zone)
def testDst(self):
tz = pytz.timezone('Europe/Amsterdam')
dt = datetime(2004, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0)
for localized_tz in list(tz._tzinfos.values()):
self._roundtrip_tzinfo(localized_tz)
self._roundtrip_datetime(dt.replace(tzinfo=localized_tz))
def testRoundtrip(self):
dt = datetime(2004, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0)
for zone in pytz.all_timezones:
tz = pytz.timezone(zone)
self._roundtrip_tzinfo(tz)
def testDatabaseFixes(self):
# Hack the pickle to make it refer to a timezone abbreviation
# that does not match anything. The unpickler should be able
# to repair this case
tz = pytz.timezone('Australia/Melbourne')
p = pickle.dumps(tz)
tzname = tz._tzname
hacked_p = p.replace(_byte_string(tzname), _byte_string('???'))
self.assertNotEqual(p, hacked_p)
unpickled_tz = pickle.loads(hacked_p)
self.assertTrue(tz is unpickled_tz)
# Simulate a database correction. In this case, the incorrect
# data will continue to be used.
p = pickle.dumps(tz)
new_utcoffset = tz._utcoffset.seconds + 42
# Python 3 introduced a new pickle protocol where numbers are stored in
# hexadecimal representation. Here we extract the pickle
# representation of the number for the current Python version.
old_pickle_pattern = pickle.dumps(tz._utcoffset.seconds)[3:-1]
new_pickle_pattern = pickle.dumps(new_utcoffset)[3:-1]
hacked_p = p.replace(old_pickle_pattern, new_pickle_pattern)
self.assertNotEqual(p, hacked_p)
unpickled_tz = pickle.loads(hacked_p)
self.assertEqual(unpickled_tz._utcoffset.seconds, new_utcoffset)
self.assertTrue(tz is not unpickled_tz)
def testOldPickles(self):
# Ensure that applications serializing pytz instances as pickles
# have no troubles upgrading to a new pytz release. These pickles
# where created with pytz2006j
east1 = pickle.loads(_byte_string(
"cpytz\n_p\np1\n(S'US/Eastern'\np2\nI-18000\n"
"I0\nS'EST'\np3\ntRp4\n."
))
east2 = pytz.timezone('US/Eastern')
self.assertTrue(east1 is east2)
# Confirm changes in name munging between 2006j and 2007c cause
# no problems.
pap1 = pickle.loads(_byte_string(
"cpytz\n_p\np1\n(S'America/Port_minus_au_minus_Prince'"
"\np2\nI-17340\nI0\nS'PPMT'\np3\ntRp4\n."))
pap2 = pytz.timezone('America/Port-au-Prince')
self.assertTrue(pap1 is pap2)
gmt1 = pickle.loads(_byte_string(
"cpytz\n_p\np1\n(S'Etc/GMT_plus_10'\np2\ntRp3\n."))
gmt2 = pytz.timezone('Etc/GMT+10')
self.assertTrue(gmt1 is gmt2)
class USEasternDSTStartTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
tzinfo = pytz.timezone('US/Eastern')
# 24 hours before DST changeover
transition_time = datetime(2002, 4, 7, 7, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
# Increase for 'flexible' DST transitions due to 1 minute granularity
# of Python's datetime library
instant = timedelta(seconds=1)
# before transition
before = {
'tzname': 'EST',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours = -5),
'dst': timedelta(hours = 0),
}
# after transition
after = {
'tzname': 'EDT',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours = -4),
'dst': timedelta(hours = 1),
}
def _test_tzname(self, utc_dt, wanted):
tzname = wanted['tzname']
dt = utc_dt.astimezone(self.tzinfo)
self.assertEqual(dt.tzname(), tzname,
'Expected %s as tzname for %s. Got %s' % (
tzname, str(utc_dt), dt.tzname()
)
)
def _test_utcoffset(self, utc_dt, wanted):
utcoffset = wanted['utcoffset']
dt = utc_dt.astimezone(self.tzinfo)
self.assertEqual(
dt.utcoffset(), wanted['utcoffset'],
'Expected %s as utcoffset for %s. Got %s' % (
utcoffset, utc_dt, dt.utcoffset()
)
)
def _test_dst(self, utc_dt, wanted):
dst = wanted['dst']
dt = utc_dt.astimezone(self.tzinfo)
self.assertEqual(dt.dst(),dst,
'Expected %s as dst for %s. Got %s' % (
dst, utc_dt, dt.dst()
)
)
def test_arithmetic(self):
utc_dt = self.transition_time
for days in range(-420, 720, 20):
delta = timedelta(days=days)
# Make sure we can get back where we started
dt = utc_dt.astimezone(self.tzinfo)
dt2 = dt + delta
dt2 = dt2 - delta
self.assertEqual(dt, dt2)
# Make sure arithmetic crossing DST boundaries ends
# up in the correct timezone after normalization
utc_plus_delta = (utc_dt + delta).astimezone(self.tzinfo)
local_plus_delta = self.tzinfo.normalize(dt + delta)
self.assertEqual(
prettydt(utc_plus_delta),
prettydt(local_plus_delta),
'Incorrect result for delta==%d days. Wanted %r. Got %r'%(
days,
prettydt(utc_plus_delta),
prettydt(local_plus_delta),
)
)
def _test_all(self, utc_dt, wanted):
self._test_utcoffset(utc_dt, wanted)
self._test_tzname(utc_dt, wanted)
self._test_dst(utc_dt, wanted)
def testDayBefore(self):
self._test_all(
self.transition_time - timedelta(days=1), self.before
)
def testTwoHoursBefore(self):
self._test_all(
self.transition_time - timedelta(hours=2), self.before
)
def testHourBefore(self):
self._test_all(
self.transition_time - timedelta(hours=1), self.before
)
def testInstantBefore(self):
self._test_all(
self.transition_time - self.instant, self.before
)
def testTransition(self):
self._test_all(
self.transition_time, self.after
)
def testInstantAfter(self):
self._test_all(
self.transition_time + self.instant, self.after
)
def testHourAfter(self):
self._test_all(
self.transition_time + timedelta(hours=1), self.after
)
def testTwoHoursAfter(self):
self._test_all(
self.transition_time + timedelta(hours=1), self.after
)
def testDayAfter(self):
self._test_all(
self.transition_time + timedelta(days=1), self.after
)
class USEasternDSTEndTestCase(USEasternDSTStartTestCase):
tzinfo = pytz.timezone('US/Eastern')
transition_time = datetime(2002, 10, 27, 6, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
before = {
'tzname': 'EDT',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours = -4),
'dst': timedelta(hours = 1),
}
after = {
'tzname': 'EST',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours = -5),
'dst': timedelta(hours = 0),
}
class USEasternEPTStartTestCase(USEasternDSTStartTestCase):
transition_time = datetime(1945, 8, 14, 23, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
before = {
'tzname': 'EWT',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours = -4),
'dst': timedelta(hours = 1),
}
after = {
'tzname': 'EPT',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours = -4),
'dst': timedelta(hours = 1),
}
class USEasternEPTEndTestCase(USEasternDSTStartTestCase):
transition_time = datetime(1945, 9, 30, 6, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
before = {
'tzname': 'EPT',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours = -4),
'dst': timedelta(hours = 1),
}
after = {
'tzname': 'EST',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours = -5),
'dst': timedelta(hours = 0),
}
class WarsawWMTEndTestCase(USEasternDSTStartTestCase):
# In 1915, Warsaw changed from Warsaw to Central European time.
# This involved the clocks being set backwards, causing a end-of-DST
# like situation without DST being involved.
tzinfo = pytz.timezone('Europe/Warsaw')
transition_time = datetime(1915, 8, 4, 22, 36, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
before = {
'tzname': 'WMT',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours=1, minutes=24),
'dst': timedelta(0),
}
after = {
'tzname': 'CET',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours=1),
'dst': timedelta(0),
}
class VilniusWMTEndTestCase(USEasternDSTStartTestCase):
# At the end of 1916, Vilnius changed timezones putting its clock
# forward by 11 minutes 35 seconds. Neither timezone was in DST mode.
tzinfo = pytz.timezone('Europe/Vilnius')
instant = timedelta(seconds=31)
transition_time = datetime(1916, 12, 31, 22, 36, 00, tzinfo=UTC)
before = {
'tzname': 'WMT',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours=1, minutes=24),
'dst': timedelta(0),
}
after = {
'tzname': 'KMT',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours=1, minutes=36), # Really 1:35:36
'dst': timedelta(0),
}
class VilniusCESTStartTestCase(USEasternDSTStartTestCase):
# In 1941, Vilnius changed from MSG to CEST, switching to summer
# time while simultaneously reducing its UTC offset by two hours,
# causing the clocks to go backwards for this summer time
# switchover.
tzinfo = pytz.timezone('Europe/Vilnius')
transition_time = datetime(1941, 6, 23, 21, 00, 00, tzinfo=UTC)
before = {
'tzname': 'MSK',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours=3),
'dst': timedelta(0),
}
after = {
'tzname': 'CEST',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours=2),
'dst': timedelta(hours=1),
}
class LondonHistoryStartTestCase(USEasternDSTStartTestCase):
# The first known timezone transition in London was in 1847 when
# clocks where synchronized to GMT. However, we currently only
# understand v1 format tzfile(5) files which does handle years
# this far in the past, so our earliest known transition is in
# 1916.
tzinfo = pytz.timezone('Europe/London')
# transition_time = datetime(1847, 12, 1, 1, 15, 00, tzinfo=UTC)
# before = {
# 'tzname': 'LMT',
# 'utcoffset': timedelta(minutes=-75),
# 'dst': timedelta(0),
# }
# after = {
# 'tzname': 'GMT',
# 'utcoffset': timedelta(0),
# 'dst': timedelta(0),
# }
transition_time = datetime(1916, 5, 21, 2, 00, 00, tzinfo=UTC)
before = {
'tzname': 'GMT',
'utcoffset': timedelta(0),
'dst': timedelta(0),
}
after = {
'tzname': 'BST',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours=1),
'dst': timedelta(hours=1),
}
class LondonHistoryEndTestCase(USEasternDSTStartTestCase):
# Timezone switchovers are projected into the future, even
# though no official statements exist or could be believed even
# if they did exist. We currently only check the last known
# transition in 2037, as we are still using v1 format tzfile(5)
# files.
tzinfo = pytz.timezone('Europe/London')
# transition_time = datetime(2499, 10, 25, 1, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
transition_time = datetime(2037, 10, 25, 1, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
before = {
'tzname': 'BST',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours=1),
'dst': timedelta(hours=1),
}
after = {
'tzname': 'GMT',
'utcoffset': timedelta(0),
'dst': timedelta(0),
}
class NoumeaHistoryStartTestCase(USEasternDSTStartTestCase):
# Noumea adopted a whole hour offset in 1912. Previously
# it was 11 hours, 5 minutes and 48 seconds off UTC. However,
# due to limitations of the Python datetime library, we need
# to round that to 11 hours 6 minutes.
tzinfo = pytz.timezone('Pacific/Noumea')
transition_time = datetime(1912, 1, 12, 12, 54, 12, tzinfo=UTC)
before = {
'tzname': 'LMT',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours=11, minutes=6),
'dst': timedelta(0),
}
after = {
'tzname': 'NCT',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours=11),
'dst': timedelta(0),
}
class NoumeaDSTEndTestCase(USEasternDSTStartTestCase):
# Noumea dropped DST in 1997.
tzinfo = pytz.timezone('Pacific/Noumea')
transition_time = datetime(1997, 3, 1, 15, 00, 00, tzinfo=UTC)
before = {
'tzname': 'NCST',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours=12),
'dst': timedelta(hours=1),
}
after = {
'tzname': 'NCT',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours=11),
'dst': timedelta(0),
}
class NoumeaNoMoreDSTTestCase(NoumeaDSTEndTestCase):
# Noumea dropped DST in 1997. Here we test that it stops occuring.
transition_time = (
NoumeaDSTEndTestCase.transition_time + timedelta(days=365*10))
before = NoumeaDSTEndTestCase.after
after = NoumeaDSTEndTestCase.after
class TahitiTestCase(USEasternDSTStartTestCase):
# Tahiti has had a single transition in its history.
tzinfo = pytz.timezone('Pacific/Tahiti')
transition_time = datetime(1912, 10, 1, 9, 58, 16, tzinfo=UTC)
before = {
'tzname': 'LMT',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours=-9, minutes=-58),
'dst': timedelta(0),
}
after = {
'tzname': 'TAHT',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours=-10),
'dst': timedelta(0),
}
class SamoaInternationalDateLineChange(USEasternDSTStartTestCase):
# At the end of 2011, Samoa will switch from being east of the
# international dateline to the west. There will be no Dec 30th
# 2011 and it will switch from UTC-10 to UTC+14.
tzinfo = pytz.timezone('Pacific/Apia')
transition_time = datetime(2011, 12, 30, 10, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
before = {
'tzname': 'WSDT',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours=-10),
'dst': timedelta(hours=1),
}
after = {
'tzname': 'WSDT',
'utcoffset': timedelta(hours=14),
'dst': timedelta(hours=1),
}
class ReferenceUSEasternDSTStartTestCase(USEasternDSTStartTestCase):
tzinfo = reference.Eastern
def test_arithmetic(self):
# Reference implementation cannot handle this
pass
class ReferenceUSEasternDSTEndTestCase(USEasternDSTEndTestCase):
tzinfo = reference.Eastern
def testHourBefore(self):
# Python's datetime library has a bug, where the hour before
# a daylight savings transition is one hour out. For example,
# at the end of US/Eastern daylight savings time, 01:00 EST
# occurs twice (once at 05:00 UTC and once at 06:00 UTC),
# whereas the first should actually be 01:00 EDT.
# Note that this bug is by design - by accepting this ambiguity
# for one hour one hour per year, an is_dst flag on datetime.time
# became unnecessary.
self._test_all(
self.transition_time - timedelta(hours=1), self.after
)
def testInstantBefore(self):
self._test_all(
self.transition_time - timedelta(seconds=1), self.after
)
def test_arithmetic(self):
# Reference implementation cannot handle this
pass
class LocalTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def testLocalize(self):
loc_tz = pytz.timezone('Europe/Amsterdam')
loc_time = loc_tz.localize(datetime(1930, 5, 10, 0, 0, 0))
# Actually +00:19:32, but Python datetime rounds this
self.assertEqual(loc_time.strftime('%Z%z'), 'AMT+0020')
loc_time = loc_tz.localize(datetime(1930, 5, 20, 0, 0, 0))
# Actually +00:19:32, but Python datetime rounds this
self.assertEqual(loc_time.strftime('%Z%z'), 'NST+0120')
loc_time = loc_tz.localize(datetime(1940, 5, 10, 0, 0, 0))
self.assertEqual(loc_time.strftime('%Z%z'), 'NET+0020')
loc_time = loc_tz.localize(datetime(1940, 5, 20, 0, 0, 0))
self.assertEqual(loc_time.strftime('%Z%z'), 'CEST+0200')
loc_time = loc_tz.localize(datetime(2004, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0))
self.assertEqual(loc_time.strftime('%Z%z'), 'CET+0100')
loc_time = loc_tz.localize(datetime(2004, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0))
self.assertEqual(loc_time.strftime('%Z%z'), 'CEST+0200')
tz = pytz.timezone('Europe/Amsterdam')
loc_time = loc_tz.localize(datetime(1943, 3, 29, 1, 59, 59))
self.assertEqual(loc_time.strftime('%Z%z'), 'CET+0100')
# Switch to US
loc_tz = pytz.timezone('US/Eastern')
# End of DST ambiguity check
loc_time = loc_tz.localize(datetime(1918, 10, 27, 1, 59, 59), is_dst=1)
self.assertEqual(loc_time.strftime('%Z%z'), 'EDT-0400')
loc_time = loc_tz.localize(datetime(1918, 10, 27, 1, 59, 59), is_dst=0)
self.assertEqual(loc_time.strftime('%Z%z'), 'EST-0500')
self.assertRaises(pytz.AmbiguousTimeError,
loc_tz.localize, datetime(1918, 10, 27, 1, 59, 59), is_dst=None
)
# Start of DST non-existent times
loc_time = loc_tz.localize(datetime(1918, 3, 31, 2, 0, 0), is_dst=0)
self.assertEqual(loc_time.strftime('%Z%z'), 'EST-0500')
loc_time = loc_tz.localize(datetime(1918, 3, 31, 2, 0, 0), is_dst=1)
self.assertEqual(loc_time.strftime('%Z%z'), 'EDT-0400')
self.assertRaises(pytz.NonExistentTimeError,
loc_tz.localize, datetime(1918, 3, 31, 2, 0, 0), is_dst=None
)
# Weird changes - war time and peace time both is_dst==True
loc_time = loc_tz.localize(datetime(1942, 2, 9, 3, 0, 0))
self.assertEqual(loc_time.strftime('%Z%z'), 'EWT-0400')
loc_time = loc_tz.localize(datetime(1945, 8, 14, 19, 0, 0))
self.assertEqual(loc_time.strftime('%Z%z'), 'EPT-0400')
loc_time = loc_tz.localize(datetime(1945, 9, 30, 1, 0, 0), is_dst=1)
self.assertEqual(loc_time.strftime('%Z%z'), 'EPT-0400')
loc_time = loc_tz.localize(datetime(1945, 9, 30, 1, 0, 0), is_dst=0)
self.assertEqual(loc_time.strftime('%Z%z'), 'EST-0500')
def testNormalize(self):
tz = pytz.timezone('US/Eastern')
dt = datetime(2004, 4, 4, 7, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC).astimezone(tz)
dt2 = dt - timedelta(minutes=10)
self.assertEqual(
dt2.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z%z'),
'2004-04-04 02:50:00 EDT-0400'
)
dt2 = tz.normalize(dt2)
self.assertEqual(
dt2.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z%z'),
'2004-04-04 01:50:00 EST-0500'
)
def testPartialMinuteOffsets(self):
# utcoffset in Amsterdam was not a whole minute until 1937
# However, we fudge this by rounding them, as the Python
# datetime library
tz = pytz.timezone('Europe/Amsterdam')
utc_dt = datetime(1914, 1, 1, 13, 40, 28, tzinfo=UTC) # correct
utc_dt = utc_dt.replace(second=0) # But we need to fudge it
loc_dt = utc_dt.astimezone(tz)
self.assertEqual(
loc_dt.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z%z'),
'1914-01-01 14:00:00 AMT+0020'
)
# And get back...
utc_dt = loc_dt.astimezone(UTC)
self.assertEqual(
utc_dt.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z%z'),
'1914-01-01 13:40:00 UTC+0000'
)
def no_testCreateLocaltime(self):
# It would be nice if this worked, but it doesn't.
tz = pytz.timezone('Europe/Amsterdam')
dt = datetime(2004, 10, 31, 2, 0, 0, tzinfo=tz)
self.assertEqual(
dt.strftime(fmt),
'2004-10-31 02:00:00 CET+0100'
)
class CommonTimezonesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def test_bratislava(self):
# Bratislava is the default timezone for Slovakia, but our
# heuristics where not adding it to common_timezones. Ideally,
# common_timezones should be populated from zone.tab at runtime,
# but I'm hesitant to pay the startup cost as loading the list
# on demand whilst remaining backwards compatible seems
# difficult.
self.assertTrue('Europe/Bratislava' in pytz.common_timezones)
self.assertTrue('Europe/Bratislava' in pytz.common_timezones_set)
def test_us_eastern(self):
self.assertTrue('US/Eastern' in pytz.common_timezones)
self.assertTrue('US/Eastern' in pytz.common_timezones_set)
def test_belfast(self):
# Belfast uses London time.
self.assertTrue('Europe/Belfast' in pytz.all_timezones_set)
self.assertFalse('Europe/Belfast' in pytz.common_timezones)
self.assertFalse('Europe/Belfast' in pytz.common_timezones_set)
class BaseTzInfoTestCase:
'''Ensure UTC, StaticTzInfo and DstTzInfo work consistently.
These tests are run for each type of tzinfo.
'''
tz = None # override
tz_class = None # override
def test_expectedclass(self):
self.assertTrue(isinstance(self.tz, self.tz_class))
def test_fromutc(self):
# naive datetime.
dt1 = datetime(2011, 10, 31)
# localized datetime, same timezone.
dt2 = self.tz.localize(dt1)
# Both should give the same results. Note that the standard
# Python tzinfo.fromutc() only supports the second.
for dt in [dt1, dt2]:
loc_dt = self.tz.fromutc(dt)
loc_dt2 = pytz.utc.localize(dt1).astimezone(self.tz)
self.assertEqual(loc_dt, loc_dt2)
# localized datetime, different timezone.
new_tz = pytz.timezone('Europe/Paris')
self.assertTrue(self.tz is not new_tz)
dt3 = new_tz.localize(dt1)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.tz.fromutc, dt3)
def test_normalize(self):
other_tz = pytz.timezone('Europe/Paris')
self.assertTrue(self.tz is not other_tz)
dt = datetime(2012, 3, 26, 12, 0)
other_dt = other_tz.localize(dt)
local_dt = self.tz.normalize(other_dt)
self.assertTrue(local_dt.tzinfo is not other_dt.tzinfo)
self.assertNotEqual(
local_dt.replace(tzinfo=None), other_dt.replace(tzinfo=None))
def test_astimezone(self):
other_tz = pytz.timezone('Europe/Paris')
self.assertTrue(self.tz is not other_tz)
dt = datetime(2012, 3, 26, 12, 0)
other_dt = other_tz.localize(dt)
local_dt = other_dt.astimezone(self.tz)
self.assertTrue(local_dt.tzinfo is not other_dt.tzinfo)
self.assertNotEqual(
local_dt.replace(tzinfo=None), other_dt.replace(tzinfo=None))
class OptimizedUTCTestCase(unittest.TestCase, BaseTzInfoTestCase):
tz = pytz.utc
tz_class = tz.__class__
class LegacyUTCTestCase(unittest.TestCase, BaseTzInfoTestCase):
# Deprecated timezone, but useful for comparison tests.
tz = pytz.timezone('Etc/UTC')
tz_class = StaticTzInfo
class StaticTzInfoTestCase(unittest.TestCase, BaseTzInfoTestCase):
tz = pytz.timezone('GMT')
tz_class = StaticTzInfo
class DstTzInfoTestCase(unittest.TestCase, BaseTzInfoTestCase):
tz = pytz.timezone('Australia/Melbourne')
tz_class = DstTzInfo
def test_suite():
suite = unittest.TestSuite()
suite.addTest(doctest.DocTestSuite('pytz'))
suite.addTest(doctest.DocTestSuite('pytz.tzinfo'))
import test_tzinfo
suite.addTest(unittest.defaultTestLoader.loadTestsFromModule(test_tzinfo))
return suite
if __name__ == '__main__':
warnings.simplefilter("error") # Warnings should be fatal in tests.
unittest.main(defaultTest='test_suite')

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#!/usr/bin/env python
'''
$Id: tzfile.py,v 1.8 2004/06/03 00:15:24 zenzen Exp $
'''
try:
from io import StringIO
except ImportError:
from io import StringIO
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from struct import unpack, calcsize
from pytz.tzinfo import StaticTzInfo, DstTzInfo, memorized_ttinfo
from pytz.tzinfo import memorized_datetime, memorized_timedelta
def _byte_string(s):
"""Cast a string or byte string to an ASCII byte string."""
return s.encode('US-ASCII')
_NULL = _byte_string('\0')
def _std_string(s):
"""Cast a string or byte string to an ASCII string."""
return str(s.decode('US-ASCII'))
def build_tzinfo(zone, fp):
head_fmt = '>4s c 15x 6l'
head_size = calcsize(head_fmt)
(magic, format, ttisgmtcnt, ttisstdcnt,leapcnt, timecnt,
typecnt, charcnt) = unpack(head_fmt, fp.read(head_size))
# Make sure it is a tzfile(5) file
assert magic == _byte_string('TZif'), 'Got magic %s' % repr(magic)
# Read out the transition times, localtime indices and ttinfo structures.
data_fmt = '>%(timecnt)dl %(timecnt)dB %(ttinfo)s %(charcnt)ds' % dict(
timecnt=timecnt, ttinfo='lBB'*typecnt, charcnt=charcnt)
data_size = calcsize(data_fmt)
data = unpack(data_fmt, fp.read(data_size))
# make sure we unpacked the right number of values
assert len(data) == 2 * timecnt + 3 * typecnt + 1
transitions = [memorized_datetime(trans)
for trans in data[:timecnt]]
lindexes = list(data[timecnt:2 * timecnt])
ttinfo_raw = data[2 * timecnt:-1]
tznames_raw = data[-1]
del data
# Process ttinfo into separate structs
ttinfo = []
tznames = {}
i = 0
while i < len(ttinfo_raw):
# have we looked up this timezone name yet?
tzname_offset = ttinfo_raw[i+2]
if tzname_offset not in tznames:
nul = tznames_raw.find(_NULL, tzname_offset)
if nul < 0:
nul = len(tznames_raw)
tznames[tzname_offset] = _std_string(
tznames_raw[tzname_offset:nul])
ttinfo.append((ttinfo_raw[i],
bool(ttinfo_raw[i+1]),
tznames[tzname_offset]))
i += 3
# Now build the timezone object
if len(transitions) == 0:
ttinfo[0][0], ttinfo[0][2]
cls = type(zone, (StaticTzInfo,), dict(
zone=zone,
_utcoffset=memorized_timedelta(ttinfo[0][0]),
_tzname=ttinfo[0][2]))
else:
# Early dates use the first standard time ttinfo
i = 0
while ttinfo[i][1]:
i += 1
if ttinfo[i] == ttinfo[lindexes[0]]:
transitions[0] = datetime.min
else:
transitions.insert(0, datetime.min)
lindexes.insert(0, i)
# calculate transition info
transition_info = []
for i in range(len(transitions)):
inf = ttinfo[lindexes[i]]
utcoffset = inf[0]
if not inf[1]:
dst = 0
else:
for j in range(i-1, -1, -1):
prev_inf = ttinfo[lindexes[j]]
if not prev_inf[1]:
break
dst = inf[0] - prev_inf[0] # dst offset
# Bad dst? Look further. DST > 24 hours happens when
# a timzone has moved across the international dateline.
if dst <= 0 or dst > 3600*3:
for j in range(i+1, len(transitions)):
stdinf = ttinfo[lindexes[j]]
if not stdinf[1]:
dst = inf[0] - stdinf[0]
if dst > 0:
break # Found a useful std time.
tzname = inf[2]
# Round utcoffset and dst to the nearest minute or the
# datetime library will complain. Conversions to these timezones
# might be up to plus or minus 30 seconds out, but it is
# the best we can do.
utcoffset = int((utcoffset + 30) // 60) * 60
dst = int((dst + 30) // 60) * 60
transition_info.append(memorized_ttinfo(utcoffset, dst, tzname))
cls = type(zone, (DstTzInfo,), dict(
zone=zone,
_utc_transition_times=transitions,
_transition_info=transition_info))
return cls()
if __name__ == '__main__':
import os.path
from pprint import pprint
base = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'zoneinfo')
tz = build_tzinfo('Australia/Melbourne',
open(os.path.join(base,'Australia','Melbourne'), 'rb'))
tz = build_tzinfo('US/Eastern',
open(os.path.join(base,'US','Eastern'), 'rb'))
pprint(tz._utc_transition_times)
#print tz.asPython(4)
#print tz.transitions_mapping

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'''Base classes and helpers for building zone specific tzinfo classes'''
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, tzinfo
from bisect import bisect_right
try:
set
except NameError:
from sets import Set as set
import pytz
from pytz.exceptions import AmbiguousTimeError, NonExistentTimeError
__all__ = []
_timedelta_cache = {}
def memorized_timedelta(seconds):
'''Create only one instance of each distinct timedelta'''
try:
return _timedelta_cache[seconds]
except KeyError:
delta = timedelta(seconds=seconds)
_timedelta_cache[seconds] = delta
return delta
_epoch = datetime.utcfromtimestamp(0)
_datetime_cache = {0: _epoch}
def memorized_datetime(seconds):
'''Create only one instance of each distinct datetime'''
try:
return _datetime_cache[seconds]
except KeyError:
# NB. We can't just do datetime.utcfromtimestamp(seconds) as this
# fails with negative values under Windows (Bug #90096)
dt = _epoch + timedelta(seconds=seconds)
_datetime_cache[seconds] = dt
return dt
_ttinfo_cache = {}
def memorized_ttinfo(*args):
'''Create only one instance of each distinct tuple'''
try:
return _ttinfo_cache[args]
except KeyError:
ttinfo = (
memorized_timedelta(args[0]),
memorized_timedelta(args[1]),
args[2]
)
_ttinfo_cache[args] = ttinfo
return ttinfo
_notime = memorized_timedelta(0)
def _to_seconds(td):
'''Convert a timedelta to seconds'''
return td.seconds + td.days * 24 * 60 * 60
class BaseTzInfo(tzinfo):
# Overridden in subclass
_utcoffset = None
_tzname = None
zone = None
def __str__(self):
return self.zone
class StaticTzInfo(BaseTzInfo):
'''A timezone that has a constant offset from UTC
These timezones are rare, as most locations have changed their
offset at some point in their history
'''
def fromutc(self, dt):
'''See datetime.tzinfo.fromutc'''
if dt.tzinfo is not None and dt.tzinfo is not self:
raise ValueError('fromutc: dt.tzinfo is not self')
return (dt + self._utcoffset).replace(tzinfo=self)
def utcoffset(self, dt, is_dst=None):
'''See datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset
is_dst is ignored for StaticTzInfo, and exists only to
retain compatibility with DstTzInfo.
'''
return self._utcoffset
def dst(self, dt, is_dst=None):
'''See datetime.tzinfo.dst
is_dst is ignored for StaticTzInfo, and exists only to
retain compatibility with DstTzInfo.
'''
return _notime
def tzname(self, dt, is_dst=None):
'''See datetime.tzinfo.tzname
is_dst is ignored for StaticTzInfo, and exists only to
retain compatibility with DstTzInfo.
'''
return self._tzname
def localize(self, dt, is_dst=False):
'''Convert naive time to local time'''
if dt.tzinfo is not None:
raise ValueError('Not naive datetime (tzinfo is already set)')
return dt.replace(tzinfo=self)
def normalize(self, dt, is_dst=False):
'''Correct the timezone information on the given datetime.
This is normally a no-op, as StaticTzInfo timezones never have
ambiguous cases to correct:
>>> from pytz import timezone
>>> gmt = timezone('GMT')
>>> isinstance(gmt, StaticTzInfo)
True
>>> dt = datetime(2011, 5, 8, 1, 2, 3, tzinfo=gmt)
>>> gmt.normalize(dt) is dt
True
The supported method of converting between timezones is to use
datetime.astimezone(). Currently normalize() also works:
>>> la = timezone('America/Los_Angeles')
>>> dt = la.localize(datetime(2011, 5, 7, 1, 2, 3))
>>> fmt = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z (%z)'
>>> gmt.normalize(dt).strftime(fmt)
'2011-05-07 08:02:03 GMT (+0000)'
'''
if dt.tzinfo is self:
return dt
if dt.tzinfo is None:
raise ValueError('Naive time - no tzinfo set')
return dt.astimezone(self)
def __repr__(self):
return '<StaticTzInfo %r>' % (self.zone,)
def __reduce__(self):
# Special pickle to zone remains a singleton and to cope with
# database changes.
return pytz._p, (self.zone,)
class DstTzInfo(BaseTzInfo):
'''A timezone that has a variable offset from UTC
The offset might change if daylight savings time comes into effect,
or at a point in history when the region decides to change their
timezone definition.
'''
# Overridden in subclass
_utc_transition_times = None # Sorted list of DST transition times in UTC
_transition_info = None # [(utcoffset, dstoffset, tzname)] corresponding
# to _utc_transition_times entries
zone = None
# Set in __init__
_tzinfos = None
_dst = None # DST offset
def __init__(self, _inf=None, _tzinfos=None):
if _inf:
self._tzinfos = _tzinfos
self._utcoffset, self._dst, self._tzname = _inf
else:
_tzinfos = {}
self._tzinfos = _tzinfos
self._utcoffset, self._dst, self._tzname = self._transition_info[0]
_tzinfos[self._transition_info[0]] = self
for inf in self._transition_info[1:]:
if inf not in _tzinfos:
_tzinfos[inf] = self.__class__(inf, _tzinfos)
def fromutc(self, dt):
'''See datetime.tzinfo.fromutc'''
if (dt.tzinfo is not None
and getattr(dt.tzinfo, '_tzinfos', None) is not self._tzinfos):
raise ValueError('fromutc: dt.tzinfo is not self')
dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=None)
idx = max(0, bisect_right(self._utc_transition_times, dt) - 1)
inf = self._transition_info[idx]
return (dt + inf[0]).replace(tzinfo=self._tzinfos[inf])
def normalize(self, dt):
'''Correct the timezone information on the given datetime
If date arithmetic crosses DST boundaries, the tzinfo
is not magically adjusted. This method normalizes the
tzinfo to the correct one.
To test, first we need to do some setup
>>> from pytz import timezone
>>> utc = timezone('UTC')
>>> eastern = timezone('US/Eastern')
>>> fmt = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z (%z)'
We next create a datetime right on an end-of-DST transition point,
the instant when the wallclocks are wound back one hour.
>>> utc_dt = datetime(2002, 10, 27, 6, 0, 0, tzinfo=utc)
>>> loc_dt = utc_dt.astimezone(eastern)
>>> loc_dt.strftime(fmt)
'2002-10-27 01:00:00 EST (-0500)'
Now, if we subtract a few minutes from it, note that the timezone
information has not changed.
>>> before = loc_dt - timedelta(minutes=10)
>>> before.strftime(fmt)
'2002-10-27 00:50:00 EST (-0500)'
But we can fix that by calling the normalize method
>>> before = eastern.normalize(before)
>>> before.strftime(fmt)
'2002-10-27 01:50:00 EDT (-0400)'
The supported method of converting between timezones is to use
datetime.astimezone(). Currently, normalize() also works:
>>> th = timezone('Asia/Bangkok')
>>> am = timezone('Europe/Amsterdam')
>>> dt = th.localize(datetime(2011, 5, 7, 1, 2, 3))
>>> fmt = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z (%z)'
>>> am.normalize(dt).strftime(fmt)
'2011-05-06 20:02:03 CEST (+0200)'
'''
if dt.tzinfo is None:
raise ValueError('Naive time - no tzinfo set')
# Convert dt in localtime to UTC
offset = dt.tzinfo._utcoffset
dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=None)
dt = dt - offset
# convert it back, and return it
return self.fromutc(dt)
def localize(self, dt, is_dst=False):
'''Convert naive time to local time.
This method should be used to construct localtimes, rather
than passing a tzinfo argument to a datetime constructor.
is_dst is used to determine the correct timezone in the ambigous
period at the end of daylight savings time.
>>> from pytz import timezone
>>> fmt = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z (%z)'
>>> amdam = timezone('Europe/Amsterdam')
>>> dt = datetime(2004, 10, 31, 2, 0, 0)
>>> loc_dt1 = amdam.localize(dt, is_dst=True)
>>> loc_dt2 = amdam.localize(dt, is_dst=False)
>>> loc_dt1.strftime(fmt)
'2004-10-31 02:00:00 CEST (+0200)'
>>> loc_dt2.strftime(fmt)
'2004-10-31 02:00:00 CET (+0100)'
>>> str(loc_dt2 - loc_dt1)
'1:00:00'
Use is_dst=None to raise an AmbiguousTimeError for ambiguous
times at the end of daylight savings
>>> try:
... loc_dt1 = amdam.localize(dt, is_dst=None)
... except AmbiguousTimeError:
... print('Ambiguous')
Ambiguous
is_dst defaults to False
>>> amdam.localize(dt) == amdam.localize(dt, False)
True
is_dst is also used to determine the correct timezone in the
wallclock times jumped over at the start of daylight savings time.
>>> pacific = timezone('US/Pacific')
>>> dt = datetime(2008, 3, 9, 2, 0, 0)
>>> ploc_dt1 = pacific.localize(dt, is_dst=True)
>>> ploc_dt2 = pacific.localize(dt, is_dst=False)
>>> ploc_dt1.strftime(fmt)
'2008-03-09 02:00:00 PDT (-0700)'
>>> ploc_dt2.strftime(fmt)
'2008-03-09 02:00:00 PST (-0800)'
>>> str(ploc_dt2 - ploc_dt1)
'1:00:00'
Use is_dst=None to raise a NonExistentTimeError for these skipped
times.
>>> try:
... loc_dt1 = pacific.localize(dt, is_dst=None)
... except NonExistentTimeError:
... print('Non-existent')
Non-existent
'''
if dt.tzinfo is not None:
raise ValueError('Not naive datetime (tzinfo is already set)')
# Find the two best possibilities.
possible_loc_dt = set()
for delta in [timedelta(days=-1), timedelta(days=1)]:
loc_dt = dt + delta
idx = max(0, bisect_right(
self._utc_transition_times, loc_dt) - 1)
inf = self._transition_info[idx]
tzinfo = self._tzinfos[inf]
loc_dt = tzinfo.normalize(dt.replace(tzinfo=tzinfo))
if loc_dt.replace(tzinfo=None) == dt:
possible_loc_dt.add(loc_dt)
if len(possible_loc_dt) == 1:
return possible_loc_dt.pop()
# If there are no possibly correct timezones, we are attempting
# to convert a time that never happened - the time period jumped
# during the start-of-DST transition period.
if len(possible_loc_dt) == 0:
# If we refuse to guess, raise an exception.
if is_dst is None:
raise NonExistentTimeError(dt)
# If we are forcing the pre-DST side of the DST transition, we
# obtain the correct timezone by winding the clock forward a few
# hours.
elif is_dst:
return self.localize(
dt + timedelta(hours=6), is_dst=True) - timedelta(hours=6)
# If we are forcing the post-DST side of the DST transition, we
# obtain the correct timezone by winding the clock back.
else:
return self.localize(
dt - timedelta(hours=6), is_dst=False) + timedelta(hours=6)
# If we get this far, we have multiple possible timezones - this
# is an ambiguous case occuring during the end-of-DST transition.
# If told to be strict, raise an exception since we have an
# ambiguous case
if is_dst is None:
raise AmbiguousTimeError(dt)
# Filter out the possiblilities that don't match the requested
# is_dst
filtered_possible_loc_dt = [
p for p in possible_loc_dt
if bool(p.tzinfo._dst) == is_dst
]
# Hopefully we only have one possibility left. Return it.
if len(filtered_possible_loc_dt) == 1:
return filtered_possible_loc_dt[0]
if len(filtered_possible_loc_dt) == 0:
filtered_possible_loc_dt = list(possible_loc_dt)
# If we get this far, we have in a wierd timezone transition
# where the clocks have been wound back but is_dst is the same
# in both (eg. Europe/Warsaw 1915 when they switched to CET).
# At this point, we just have to guess unless we allow more
# hints to be passed in (such as the UTC offset or abbreviation),
# but that is just getting silly.
#
# Choose the earliest (by UTC) applicable timezone.
sorting_keys = {}
for local_dt in filtered_possible_loc_dt:
key = local_dt.replace(tzinfo=None) - local_dt.tzinfo._utcoffset
sorting_keys[key] = local_dt
first_key = sorted(sorting_keys)[0]
return sorting_keys[first_key]
def utcoffset(self, dt, is_dst=None):
'''See datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset
The is_dst parameter may be used to remove ambiguity during DST
transitions.
>>> from pytz import timezone
>>> tz = timezone('America/St_Johns')
>>> ambiguous = datetime(2009, 10, 31, 23, 30)
>>> tz.utcoffset(ambiguous, is_dst=False)
datetime.timedelta(-1, 73800)
>>> tz.utcoffset(ambiguous, is_dst=True)
datetime.timedelta(-1, 77400)
>>> try:
... tz.utcoffset(ambiguous)
... except AmbiguousTimeError:
... print('Ambiguous')
Ambiguous
'''
if dt is None:
return None
elif dt.tzinfo is not self:
dt = self.localize(dt, is_dst)
return dt.tzinfo._utcoffset
else:
return self._utcoffset
def dst(self, dt, is_dst=None):
'''See datetime.tzinfo.dst
The is_dst parameter may be used to remove ambiguity during DST
transitions.
>>> from pytz import timezone
>>> tz = timezone('America/St_Johns')
>>> normal = datetime(2009, 9, 1)
>>> tz.dst(normal)
datetime.timedelta(0, 3600)
>>> tz.dst(normal, is_dst=False)
datetime.timedelta(0, 3600)
>>> tz.dst(normal, is_dst=True)
datetime.timedelta(0, 3600)
>>> ambiguous = datetime(2009, 10, 31, 23, 30)
>>> tz.dst(ambiguous, is_dst=False)
datetime.timedelta(0)
>>> tz.dst(ambiguous, is_dst=True)
datetime.timedelta(0, 3600)
>>> try:
... tz.dst(ambiguous)
... except AmbiguousTimeError:
... print('Ambiguous')
Ambiguous
'''
if dt is None:
return None
elif dt.tzinfo is not self:
dt = self.localize(dt, is_dst)
return dt.tzinfo._dst
else:
return self._dst
def tzname(self, dt, is_dst=None):
'''See datetime.tzinfo.tzname
The is_dst parameter may be used to remove ambiguity during DST
transitions.
>>> from pytz import timezone
>>> tz = timezone('America/St_Johns')
>>> normal = datetime(2009, 9, 1)
>>> tz.tzname(normal)
'NDT'
>>> tz.tzname(normal, is_dst=False)
'NDT'
>>> tz.tzname(normal, is_dst=True)
'NDT'
>>> ambiguous = datetime(2009, 10, 31, 23, 30)
>>> tz.tzname(ambiguous, is_dst=False)
'NST'
>>> tz.tzname(ambiguous, is_dst=True)
'NDT'
>>> try:
... tz.tzname(ambiguous)
... except AmbiguousTimeError:
... print('Ambiguous')
Ambiguous
'''
if dt is None:
return self.zone
elif dt.tzinfo is not self:
dt = self.localize(dt, is_dst)
return dt.tzinfo._tzname
else:
return self._tzname
def __repr__(self):
if self._dst:
dst = 'DST'
else:
dst = 'STD'
if self._utcoffset > _notime:
return '<DstTzInfo %r %s+%s %s>' % (
self.zone, self._tzname, self._utcoffset, dst
)
else:
return '<DstTzInfo %r %s%s %s>' % (
self.zone, self._tzname, self._utcoffset, dst
)
def __reduce__(self):
# Special pickle to zone remains a singleton and to cope with
# database changes.
return pytz._p, (
self.zone,
_to_seconds(self._utcoffset),
_to_seconds(self._dst),
self._tzname
)
def unpickler(zone, utcoffset=None, dstoffset=None, tzname=None):
"""Factory function for unpickling pytz tzinfo instances.
This is shared for both StaticTzInfo and DstTzInfo instances, because
database changes could cause a zones implementation to switch between
these two base classes and we can't break pickles on a pytz version
upgrade.
"""
# Raises a KeyError if zone no longer exists, which should never happen
# and would be a bug.
tz = pytz.timezone(zone)
# A StaticTzInfo - just return it
if utcoffset is None:
return tz
# This pickle was created from a DstTzInfo. We need to
# determine which of the list of tzinfo instances for this zone
# to use in order to restore the state of any datetime instances using
# it correctly.
utcoffset = memorized_timedelta(utcoffset)
dstoffset = memorized_timedelta(dstoffset)
try:
return tz._tzinfos[(utcoffset, dstoffset, tzname)]
except KeyError:
# The particular state requested in this timezone no longer exists.
# This indicates a corrupt pickle, or the timezone database has been
# corrected violently enough to make this particular
# (utcoffset,dstoffset) no longer exist in the zone, or the
# abbreviation has been changed.
pass
# See if we can find an entry differing only by tzname. Abbreviations
# get changed from the initial guess by the database maintainers to
# match reality when this information is discovered.
for localized_tz in list(tz._tzinfos.values()):
if (localized_tz._utcoffset == utcoffset
and localized_tz._dst == dstoffset):
return localized_tz
# This (utcoffset, dstoffset) information has been removed from the
# zone. Add it back. This might occur when the database maintainers have
# corrected incorrect information. datetime instances using this
# incorrect information will continue to do so, exactly as they were
# before being pickled. This is purely an overly paranoid safety net - I
# doubt this will ever been needed in real life.
inf = (utcoffset, dstoffset, tzname)
tz._tzinfos[inf] = tz.__class__(inf, tz._tzinfos)
return tz._tzinfos[inf]

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import sys
if sys.platform == 'win32':
from tzlocal.win32 import get_localzone, reload_localzone
else:
from tzlocal.unix import get_localzone, reload_localzone

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import sys
import os
from datetime import datetime
import unittest
import pytz3 as pytz
import tzlocal.unix
class TzLocalTests(unittest.TestCase):
def test_env(self):
tz_harare = tzlocal.unix._tz_from_env(':Africa/Harare')
self.assertEqual(tz_harare.zone, 'Africa/Harare')
# Some Unices allow this as well, so we must allow it:
tz_harare = tzlocal.unix._tz_from_env('Africa/Harare')
self.assertEqual(tz_harare.zone, 'Africa/Harare')
local_path = os.path.split(__file__)[0]
tz_local = tzlocal.unix._tz_from_env(':' + os.path.join(local_path, 'test_data', 'Harare'))
self.assertEqual(tz_local.zone, 'local')
# Make sure the local timezone is the same as the Harare one above.
# We test this with a past date, so that we don't run into future changes
# of the Harare timezone.
dt = datetime(2012, 1, 1, 5)
self.assertEqual(tz_harare.localize(dt), tz_local.localize(dt))
# Non-zoneinfo timezones are not supported in the TZ environment.
self.assertRaises(pytz.UnknownTimeZoneError, tzlocal.unix._tz_from_env, 'GMT+03:00')
def test_timezone(self):
# Most versions of Ubuntu
local_path = os.path.split(__file__)[0]
tz = tzlocal.unix._get_localzone(_root=os.path.join(local_path, 'test_data', 'timezone'))
self.assertEqual(tz.zone, 'Africa/Harare')
def test_zone_setting(self):
# A ZONE setting in /etc/sysconfig/clock, f ex CentOS
local_path = os.path.split(__file__)[0]
tz = tzlocal.unix._get_localzone(_root=os.path.join(local_path, 'test_data', 'zone_setting'))
self.assertEqual(tz.zone, 'Africa/Harare')
def test_timezone_setting(self):
# A ZONE setting in /etc/conf.d/clock, f ex Gentoo
local_path = os.path.split(__file__)[0]
tz = tzlocal.unix._get_localzone(_root=os.path.join(local_path, 'test_data', 'timezone_setting'))
self.assertEqual(tz.zone, 'Africa/Harare')
def test_only_localtime(self):
local_path = os.path.split(__file__)[0]
tz = tzlocal.unix._get_localzone(_root=os.path.join(local_path, 'test_data', 'localtime'))
self.assertEqual(tz.zone, 'local')
dt = datetime(2012, 1, 1, 5)
self.assertEqual(pytz.timezone('Africa/Harare').localize(dt), tz.localize(dt))
if sys.platform == 'win32':
import tzlocal.win32
class TzWin32Tests(unittest.TestCase):
def test_win32(self):
tz = tzlocal.win32.get_localzone()
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()

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import os
import re
import pytz3 as pytz
_cache_tz = None
def _tz_from_env(tzenv):
if tzenv[0] == ':':
tzenv = tzenv[1:]
# TZ specifies a file
if os.path.exists(tzenv):
with open(tzenv, 'rb') as tzfile:
return pytz.tzfile.build_tzinfo('local', tzfile)
# TZ specifies a zoneinfo zone.
try:
tz = pytz.timezone(tzenv)
# That worked, so we return this:
return tz
except pytz.UnknownTimeZoneError:
raise pytz.UnknownTimeZoneError(
"tzlocal() does not support non-zoneinfo timezones like %s. \n"
"Please use a timezone in the form of Continent/City")
def _get_localzone(_root='/'):
"""Tries to find the local timezone configuration.
This method prefers finding the timezone name and passing that to pytz,
over passing in the localtime file, as in the later case the zoneinfo
name is unknown.
The parameter _root makes the function look for files like /etc/localtime
beneath the _root directory. This is primarily used by the tests.
In normal usage you call the function without parameters."""
tzenv = os.environ.get('TZ')
if tzenv:
return _tz_from_env(tzenv)
# Now look for distribution specific configuration files
# that contain the timezone name.
tzpath = os.path.join(_root, 'etc/timezone')
if os.path.exists(tzpath):
with open(tzpath, 'rb') as tzfile:
data = tzfile.read()
# Issue #3 was that /etc/timezone was a zoneinfo file.
# That's a misconfiguration, but we need to handle it gracefully:
if data[:5] != 'TZif2':
etctz = data.strip().decode()
# Get rid of host definitions and comments:
if ' ' in etctz:
etctz, dummy = etctz.split(' ', 1)
if '#' in etctz:
etctz, dummy = etctz.split('#', 1)
return pytz.timezone(etctz.replace(' ', '_'))
# CentOS has a ZONE setting in /etc/sysconfig/clock,
# OpenSUSE has a TIMEZONE setting in /etc/sysconfig/clock and
# Gentoo has a TIMEZONE setting in /etc/conf.d/clock
# We look through these files for a timezone:
zone_re = re.compile('\s*ZONE\s*=\s*\"')
timezone_re = re.compile('\s*TIMEZONE\s*=\s*\"')
end_re = re.compile('\"')
for filename in ('etc/sysconfig/clock', 'etc/conf.d/clock'):
tzpath = os.path.join(_root, filename)
if not os.path.exists(tzpath):
continue
with open(tzpath, 'rt') as tzfile:
data = tzfile.readlines()
for line in data:
# Look for the ZONE= setting.
match = zone_re.match(line)
if match is None:
# No ZONE= setting. Look for the TIMEZONE= setting.
match = timezone_re.match(line)
if match is not None:
# Some setting existed
line = line[match.end():]
etctz = line[:end_re.search(line).start()]
# We found a timezone
return pytz.timezone(etctz.replace(' ', '_'))
# No explicit setting existed. Use localtime
for filename in ('etc/localtime', 'usr/local/etc/localtime'):
tzpath = os.path.join(_root, filename)
if not os.path.exists(tzpath):
continue
with open(tzpath, 'rb') as tzfile:
return pytz.tzfile.build_tzinfo('local', tzfile)
raise pytz.UnknownTimeZoneError('Can not find any timezone configuration')
def get_localzone():
"""Get the computers configured local timezone, if any."""
global _cache_tz
if _cache_tz is None:
_cache_tz = _get_localzone()
return _cache_tz
def reload_localzone():
"""Reload the cached localzone. You need to call this if the timezone has changed."""
global _cache_tz
_cache_tz = _get_localzone()
return _cache_tz

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try:
import winreg as winreg
except ImportError:
import winreg
from tzlocal.windows_tz import tz_names
import pytz3 as pytz
_cache_tz = None
def valuestodict(key):
"""Convert a registry key's values to a dictionary."""
dict = {}
size = winreg.QueryInfoKey(key)[1]
for i in range(size):
data = winreg.EnumValue(key, i)
dict[data[0]] = data[1]
return dict
def get_localzone_name():
# Windows is special. It has unique time zone names (in several
# meanings of the word) available, but unfortunately, they can be
# translated to the language of the operating system, so we need to
# do a backwards lookup, by going through all time zones and see which
# one matches.
handle = winreg.ConnectRegistry(None, winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE)
TZLOCALKEYNAME = r"SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\TimeZoneInformation"
localtz = winreg.OpenKey(handle, TZLOCALKEYNAME)
keyvalues = valuestodict(localtz)
localtz.Close()
if 'TimeZoneKeyName' in keyvalues:
# Windows 7 (and Vista?)
# For some reason this returns a string with loads of NUL bytes at
# least on some systems. I don't know if this is a bug somewhere, I
# just work around it.
tzkeyname = keyvalues['TimeZoneKeyName'].split('\x00', 1)[0]
else:
# Windows 2000 or XP
# This is the localized name:
tzwin = keyvalues['StandardName']
# Open the list of timezones to look up the real name:
TZKEYNAME = r"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Time Zones"
tzkey = winreg.OpenKey(handle, TZKEYNAME)
# Now, match this value to Time Zone information
tzkeyname = None
for i in range(winreg.QueryInfoKey(tzkey)[0]):
subkey = winreg.EnumKey(tzkey, i)
sub = winreg.OpenKey(tzkey, subkey)
data = valuestodict(sub)
sub.Close()
if data['Std'] == tzwin:
tzkeyname = subkey
break
tzkey.Close()
handle.Close()
if tzkeyname is None:
raise LookupError('Can not find Windows timezone configuration')
timezone = tz_names.get(tzkeyname)
if timezone is None:
# Nope, that didn't work. Try adding "Standard Time",
# it seems to work a lot of times:
timezone = tz_names.get(tzkeyname + " Standard Time")
# Return what we have.
if timezone is None:
raise pytz.UnknownTimeZoneError('Can not find timezone ' + tzkeyname)
return timezone
def get_localzone():
"""Returns the zoneinfo-based tzinfo object that matches the Windows-configured timezone."""
global _cache_tz
if _cache_tz is None:
_cache_tz = pytz.timezone(get_localzone_name())
return _cache_tz
def reload_localzone():
"""Reload the cached localzone. You need to call this if the timezone has changed."""
global _cache_tz
_cache_tz = pytz.timezone(get_localzone_name())

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# This file is autogenerated by the get_windows_info.py script
# Do not edit.
tz_names = {'AUS Central Standard Time': 'Australia/Darwin',
'AUS Eastern Standard Time': 'Australia/Sydney',
'Afghanistan Standard Time': 'Asia/Kabul',
'Alaskan Standard Time': 'America/Anchorage',
'Arab Standard Time': 'Asia/Riyadh',
'Arabian Standard Time': 'Asia/Dubai',
'Arabic Standard Time': 'Asia/Baghdad',
'Argentina Standard Time': 'America/Buenos_Aires',
'Atlantic Standard Time': 'America/Halifax',
'Azerbaijan Standard Time': 'Asia/Baku',
'Azores Standard Time': 'Atlantic/Azores',
'Bahia Standard Time': 'America/Bahia',
'Bangladesh Standard Time': 'Asia/Dhaka',
'Canada Central Standard Time': 'America/Regina',
'Cape Verde Standard Time': 'Atlantic/Cape_Verde',
'Caucasus Standard Time': 'Asia/Yerevan',
'Cen. Australia Standard Time': 'Australia/Adelaide',
'Central America Standard Time': 'America/Guatemala',
'Central Asia Standard Time': 'Asia/Almaty',
'Central Brazilian Standard Time': 'America/Cuiaba',
'Central Europe Standard Time': 'Europe/Budapest',
'Central European Standard Time': 'Europe/Warsaw',
'Central Pacific Standard Time': 'Pacific/Guadalcanal',
'Central Standard Time': 'America/Chicago',
'Central Standard Time (Mexico)': 'America/Mexico_City',
'China Standard Time': 'Asia/Shanghai',
'Dateline Standard Time': 'Etc/GMT+12',
'E. Africa Standard Time': 'Africa/Nairobi',
'E. Australia Standard Time': 'Australia/Brisbane',
'E. Europe Standard Time': 'Asia/Nicosia',
'E. South America Standard Time': 'America/Sao_Paulo',
'Eastern Standard Time': 'America/New_York',
'Egypt Standard Time': 'Africa/Cairo',
'Ekaterinburg Standard Time': 'Asia/Yekaterinburg',
'FLE Standard Time': 'Europe/Kiev',
'Fiji Standard Time': 'Pacific/Fiji',
'GMT Standard Time': 'Europe/London',
'GTB Standard Time': 'Europe/Bucharest',
'Georgian Standard Time': 'Asia/Tbilisi',
'Greenland Standard Time': 'America/Godthab',
'Greenwich Standard Time': 'Atlantic/Reykjavik',
'Hawaiian Standard Time': 'Pacific/Honolulu',
'India Standard Time': 'Asia/Calcutta',
'Iran Standard Time': 'Asia/Tehran',
'Israel Standard Time': 'Asia/Jerusalem',
'Jordan Standard Time': 'Asia/Amman',
'Kaliningrad Standard Time': 'Europe/Kaliningrad',
'Korea Standard Time': 'Asia/Seoul',
'Magadan Standard Time': 'Asia/Magadan',
'Mauritius Standard Time': 'Indian/Mauritius',
'Middle East Standard Time': 'Asia/Beirut',
'Montevideo Standard Time': 'America/Montevideo',
'Morocco Standard Time': 'Africa/Casablanca',
'Mountain Standard Time': 'America/Denver',
'Mountain Standard Time (Mexico)': 'America/Chihuahua',
'Myanmar Standard Time': 'Asia/Rangoon',
'N. Central Asia Standard Time': 'Asia/Novosibirsk',
'Namibia Standard Time': 'Africa/Windhoek',
'Nepal Standard Time': 'Asia/Katmandu',
'New Zealand Standard Time': 'Pacific/Auckland',
'Newfoundland Standard Time': 'America/St_Johns',
'North Asia East Standard Time': 'Asia/Irkutsk',
'North Asia Standard Time': 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk',
'Pacific SA Standard Time': 'America/Santiago',
'Pacific Standard Time': 'America/Los_Angeles',
'Pacific Standard Time (Mexico)': 'America/Santa_Isabel',
'Pakistan Standard Time': 'Asia/Karachi',
'Paraguay Standard Time': 'America/Asuncion',
'Romance Standard Time': 'Europe/Paris',
'Russian Standard Time': 'Europe/Moscow',
'SA Eastern Standard Time': 'America/Cayenne',
'SA Pacific Standard Time': 'America/Bogota',
'SA Western Standard Time': 'America/La_Paz',
'SE Asia Standard Time': 'Asia/Bangkok',
'Samoa Standard Time': 'Pacific/Apia',
'Singapore Standard Time': 'Asia/Singapore',
'South Africa Standard Time': 'Africa/Johannesburg',
'Sri Lanka Standard Time': 'Asia/Colombo',
'Syria Standard Time': 'Asia/Damascus',
'Taipei Standard Time': 'Asia/Taipei',
'Tasmania Standard Time': 'Australia/Hobart',
'Tokyo Standard Time': 'Asia/Tokyo',
'Tonga Standard Time': 'Pacific/Tongatapu',
'Turkey Standard Time': 'Europe/Istanbul',
'US Eastern Standard Time': 'America/Indianapolis',
'US Mountain Standard Time': 'America/Phoenix',
'UTC': 'Etc/GMT',
'UTC+12': 'Etc/GMT-12',
'UTC-02': 'Etc/GMT+2',
'UTC-11': 'Etc/GMT+11',
'Ulaanbaatar Standard Time': 'Asia/Ulaanbaatar',
'Venezuela Standard Time': 'America/Caracas',
'Vladivostok Standard Time': 'Asia/Vladivostok',
'W. Australia Standard Time': 'Australia/Perth',
'W. Central Africa Standard Time': 'Africa/Lagos',
'W. Europe Standard Time': 'Europe/Berlin',
'West Asia Standard Time': 'Asia/Tashkent',
'West Pacific Standard Time': 'Pacific/Port_Moresby',
'Yakutsk Standard Time': 'Asia/Yakutsk'}