fediglam/src/main.zig

const std = @import("std");

pub const io_mode = .evented;

const Reader = std.net.Stream.Reader;
const Writer = std.net.Stream.Writer;

const case_insensitive_utf8 = struct {
    const Hash = std.hash.Wyhash;
    const View = std.unicode.Utf8View;
    const toLower = std.ascii.toLower;
    const isAscii = std.ascii.isASCII;
    const seed = 1;

    pub fn hash(str: []const u8) u64 {
        // fallback to regular hash on invalid utf8
        const view = View.init(str) catch return Hash.hash(seed, str);
        var iter = view.iterator();

        var h = Hash.init(seed);

        var it = iter.nextCodepointSlice();
        while (it != null) : (it = iter.nextCodepointSlice()) {
            if (it.?.len == 1 and isAscii(it.?[0])) {
                const ch = [1]u8{toLower(it.?[0])};
                h.update(&ch);
            } else {
                h.update(it.?);
            }
        }

        return h.final();
    }

    pub fn eql(a: []const u8, b: []const u8) bool {
        if (a.len != b.len) return false;

        const va = View.init(a) catch return std.mem.eql(u8, a, b);
        const vb = View.init(b) catch return false;

        var iter_a = va.iterator();
        var iter_b = vb.iterator();

        var it_a = iter_a.nextCodepointSlice();
        var it_b = iter_b.nextCodepointSlice();

        while (it_a != null and it_b != null) : ({
            it_a = iter_a.nextCodepointSlice();
            it_b = iter_b.nextCodepointSlice();
        }) {
            if (it_a.?.len != it_b.?.len) return false;

            if (it_a.?.len == 1) {
                if (isAscii(it_a.?[0]) and isAscii(it_b.?[0])) {
                    const ch_a = toLower(it_a.?[0]);
                    const ch_b = toLower(it_b.?[0]);

                    if (ch_a != ch_b) return false;
                } else if (it_a.?[0] != it_b.?[0]) return false;
            } else if (!std.mem.eql(u8, it_a.?, it_b.?)) return false;
        }

        return it_a == null and it_b == null;
    }

    pub fn lowerInPlace(str: []u8) void {
        const view = View.init(str) catch return;

        var iter = view.iterator();
        var it = iter.nextCodepointSlice();
        while (it != null) : (it = iter.nextCodepointSlice()) {
            if (isAscii(it.?[0])) it.?[0] = toLower(it.?[0]);
        }
    }
};

const HeaderMap = std.HashMap([]const u8, []const u8, struct {
    pub fn eql(_: @This(), a: []const u8, b: []const u8) bool {
        return case_insensitive_utf8.eql(a, b);
    }

    pub fn hash(_: @This(), str: []const u8) u64 {
        return case_insensitive_utf8.hash(str);
    }
}, std.hash_map.default_max_load_percentage);

fn handleBadRequest(writer: Writer) !void {
    std.log.info("400 Bad Request", .{});
    try writer.writeAll("HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request");
}

fn handleNotImplemented(writer: Writer) !void {
    std.log.info("501", .{});
    try writer.writeAll("HTTP/1.1 501 Not Implemented");
}

fn handleInternalError(writer: Writer) !void {
    std.log.info("500", .{});
    try writer.writeAll("HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error");
}

const Method = enum {
    GET,
    //HEAD,
    POST,
    //PUT,
    //DELETE,
    //CONNECT,
    //OPTIONS,
    //TRACE,
};

fn parseHttpMethod(reader: Reader) !Method {
    var buf: [8]u8 = undefined;
    const str = reader.readUntilDelimiter(&buf, ' ') catch |err| switch (err) {
        error.StreamTooLong => return error.MethodNotImplemented,
        else => return err,
    };

    inline for (@typeInfo(Method).Enum.fields) |method| {
        if (std.mem.eql(u8, method.name, str)) {
            return @intToEnum(Method, method.value);
        }
    }

    return error.MethodNotImplemented;
}

fn checkProto(reader: Reader) !void {
    var buf: [8]u8 = undefined;
    const proto = reader.readUntilDelimiter(&buf, '/') catch |err| switch (err) {
        error.StreamTooLong => return error.UnknownProtocol,
        else => return err,
    };

    if (!std.mem.eql(u8, proto, "HTTP")) {
        return error.UnknownProtocol;
    }

    const count = try reader.read(buf[0..3]);
    if (count != 3 or buf[1] != '.') {
        return error.BadRequest;
    }

    if (buf[0] != '1' or buf[2] != '1') {
        return error.HttpVersionNotSupported;
    }
}

fn extractHeaderName(line: []const u8) ?[]const u8 {
    var index: usize = 0;

    // TODO: handle whitespace
    while (index < line.len) : (index += 1) {
        if (line[index] == ':') {
            if (index == 0) return null;
            return line[0..index];
        }
    }

    return null;
}

fn parseHeaders(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, reader: Reader) !HeaderMap {
    var map = HeaderMap.init(allocator);
    errdefer map.deinit();
    // TODO: free map keys/values

    var buf: [1024]u8 = undefined;

    while (true) {
        const line = try reader.readUntilDelimiter(&buf, '\n');
        if (line.len == 0 or (line.len == 1 and line[0] == '\r')) break;

        // TODO: handle multi-line headers
        const name = extractHeaderName(line) orelse continue;
        const value_end = if (line[line.len - 1] == '\r') line.len - 1 else line.len;
        const value = line[name.len + 1 + 1 .. value_end];

        if (name.len == 0 or value.len == 0) return error.BadRequest;

        const name_alloc = try allocator.alloc(u8, name.len);
        errdefer allocator.free(name_alloc);
        const value_alloc = try allocator.alloc(u8, value.len);
        errdefer allocator.free(value_alloc);

        @memcpy(name_alloc.ptr, name.ptr, name.len);
        @memcpy(value_alloc.ptr, value.ptr, value.len);

        try map.put(name_alloc, value_alloc);
    }

    return map;
}

fn handleConnection(conn: std.net.StreamServer.Connection) void {
    defer conn.stream.close();
    const reader = conn.stream.reader();
    const writer = conn.stream.writer();

    handleRequest(reader, writer) catch |err| std.log.err("unhandled error processing connection: {}", .{err});
}

fn handleRequest(reader: Reader, writer: Writer) !void {
    handleHttpRequest(reader, writer) catch |err| switch (err) {
        error.BadRequest, error.UnknownProtocol => try handleBadRequest(writer),
        error.MethodNotImplemented, error.HttpVersionNotSupported => try handleNotImplemented(writer),
        else => {
            std.log.err("unknown error handling request: {}", .{err});
            try handleInternalError(writer);
        },
    };
}

fn handleHttpRequest(reader: Reader, writer: Writer) anyerror!void {
    const method = try parseHttpMethod(reader);

    var header_buf: [1 << 16]u8 = undefined;
    var fba = std.heap.FixedBufferAllocator.init(&header_buf);
    const allocator = fba.allocator();
    const path = reader.readUntilDelimiterAlloc(allocator, ' ', header_buf.len) catch |err| switch (err) {
        error.StreamTooLong => return error.URITooLong,
        else => return err,
    };

    try checkProto(reader);
    _ = try reader.readByte();
    _ = try reader.readByte();

    const headers = try parseHeaders(allocator, reader);

    const has_body = (headers.get("Content-Length") orelse headers.get("Transfer-Encoding")) != null;

    const tfer_encoding = headers.get("Transfer-Encoding");
    if (tfer_encoding != null and !std.mem.eql(u8, tfer_encoding.?, "identity")) {
        return error.UnsupportedMediaType;
    }

    const encoding = headers.get("Content-Encoding");
    if (encoding != null and !std.mem.eql(u8, encoding.?, "identity")) {
        return error.UnsupportedMediaType;
    }

    var context = Context{
        .request = .{
            .method = method,
            .path = path,
            .headers = headers,
            .body = if (has_body) reader else null,
        },
        .response = .{
            .headers = HeaderMap.init(allocator),
            .writer = writer,
        },
        .allocator = allocator,
    };

    try routeRequest(&context);
}

const Context = struct {
    const Request = struct {
        method: Method,
        path: []const u8,

        route: ?*const Route = null,

        headers: HeaderMap,

        body: ?Reader,

        pub fn arg(self: *Request, name: []const u8) []const u8 {
            return self.route.?.arg(name, self.path);
        }
    };

    const Response = struct {
        headers: HeaderMap,
        writer: Writer,

        fn writeHeaders(self: *Response) !void {
            var iter = self.headers.iterator();
            var it = iter.next();
            while (it != null) : (it = iter.next()) {
                try self.writer.print("{s}: {s}\r\n", .{ it.?.key_ptr.*, it.?.value_ptr.* });
            }
        }

        fn statusText(status: u16) []const u8 {
            return switch (status) {
                200 => "OK",
                204 => "No Content",
                404 => "Not Found",
                else => "",
            };
        }

        fn openInternal(self: *Response, status: u16) !void {
            try self.writer.print("HTTP/1.1 {} {s}\r\n", .{ status, statusText(status) });
            try self.writeHeaders();
            try self.writer.writeAll("Connection: close\r\n"); // TODO
        }

        pub fn open(self: *Response, status: u16) !Writer {
            try self.openInternal(status);
            try self.writer.writeAll("\r\n");

            return self.writer;
        }

        pub fn write(self: *Response, status: u16, body: []const u8) !void {
            try self.openInternal(status);
            if (body.len != 0) {
                try self.writer.print("Content-Length: {}\r\n", .{body.len});
                if (self.headers.get("Content-Type") == null) {
                    try self.writer.writeAll("Content-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n");
                }
            }

            try self.writer.writeAll("\r\n");
            if (body.len != 0) {
                try self.writer.writeAll(body);
            }
        }

        pub fn statusOnly(self: *Response, status: u16) !void {
            try self.openInternal(status);
        }
    };

    request: Request,
    response: Response,
    allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
};

const Route = struct {
    const Segment = union(enum) {
        param: []const u8,
        literal: []const u8,
    };

    const Handler = fn (*Context) callconv(.Async) anyerror!void;

    fn normalize(comptime path: []const u8) []const u8 {
        var arr: [path.len]u8 = undefined;

        var i = 0;
        for (path) |ch| {
            if (i == 0 and ch == '/') continue;
            if (i > 0 and ch == '/' and arr[i - 1] == '/') continue;

            arr[i] = ch;
            i += 1;
        }

        if (i > 0 and arr[i - 1] == '/') {
            i -= 1;
        }

        return arr[0..i];
    }

    fn parseSegments(comptime path: []const u8) []const Segment {
        var count = 1;
        for (path) |ch| {
            if (ch == '/') count += 1;
        }

        var segment_array: [count]Segment = undefined;

        var segment_start = 0;
        for (segment_array) |*seg| {
            var index = segment_start;
            while (index < path.len) : (index += 1) {
                if (path[index] == '/') {
                    break;
                }
            }

            const slice = path[segment_start..index];
            if (slice.len > 0 and slice[0] == ':') {
                // doing this kinda jankily to get around segfaults in compiler
                const param = path[segment_start + 1 .. index];
                seg.* = .{ .param = param };
            } else {
                seg.* = .{ .literal = slice };
            }

            segment_start = index + 1;
        }

        return &segment_array;
    }

    pub fn from(method: Method, comptime path: []const u8, handler: Handler) Route {
        const segments = parseSegments(normalize(path));
        return Route{ .method = method, .path = segments, .handler = handler };
    }

    fn nextSegment(path: []const u8) ?[]const u8 {
        var start: usize = 0;
        var end: usize = start;
        while (end < path.len) : (end += 1) {
            // skip leading slash
            if (end == start and path[start] == '/') {
                start += 1;
                continue;
            } else if (path[end] == '/') {
                break;
            }
        }

        if (start == end) return null;

        return path[start..end];
    }

    pub fn matches(self: Route, path: []const u8) bool {
        var segment_start: usize = 0;
        for (self.path) |seg| {
            var index = segment_start;
            while (index < path.len) : (index += 1) {
                // skip leading slash
                if (index == segment_start and path[index] == '/') {
                    segment_start += 1;
                    continue;
                } else if (path[index] == '/') {
                    break;
                }
            }

            const slice = path[segment_start..index];
            const match = switch (seg) {
                .literal => |str| case_insensitive_utf8.eql(slice, str),
                .param => true,
            };

            if (!match) return false;

            segment_start = index + 1;
        }

        // check for trailing path
        while (segment_start < path.len) : (segment_start += 1) {
            if (path[segment_start] != '/') return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    pub fn arg(self: Route, name: []const u8, path: []const u8) []const u8 {
        var index: usize = 0;
        for (self.path) |seg| {
            const slice = nextSegment(path[index..]);
            if (slice == null) return "";

            index = @ptrToInt(slice.?.ptr) - @ptrToInt(path.ptr) + slice.?.len + 1;

            switch (seg) {
                .param => |param| {
                    if (std.mem.eql(u8, param, name)) {
                        return slice.?;
                    }
                },
                .literal => continue,
            }
        }

        std.log.err("unknown parameter {s}", .{name});
        return "";
    }

    method: Method,
    path: []const Segment,
    handler: Handler,
};

fn handleNotFound(ctx: *Context) !void {
    try ctx.response.writer.writeAll("HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\n\r\n");
}

fn routeRequest(ctx: *Context) !void {
    for (routes) |*route| {
        if (route.method == ctx.request.method and route.matches(ctx.request.path)) {
            std.log.info("{s} {s}", .{ @tagName(ctx.request.method), ctx.request.path });
            ctx.request.route = route;

            var buf = try ctx.allocator.allocWithOptions(u8, @frameSize(route.handler), 8, null);
            defer ctx.allocator.free(buf);
            return await @asyncCall(buf, {}, route.handler, .{ctx});
        }
    }

    std.log.info("404 {s} {s}", .{ @tagName(ctx.request.method), ctx.request.path });
    try handleNotFound(ctx);
}

const routes = [_]Route{
    Route.from(.GET, "/", staticString("Index Page")),
    Route.from(.GET, "/abc", staticString("abc")),
    Route.from(.GET, "/user/:id", getUser),
};

const this_scheme = "http";
const this_host = "localhost:8080";

const account = .{
    .id = "abc123",
    .handle = "testacct",
    .host = this_host,
};

fn getUser(ctx: *Context) anyerror!void {
    const id = ctx.request.arg("id");

    const host = ctx.request.headers.get("host");
    if (host == null) {
        try ctx.response.statusOnly(400);
        return;
    }

    if (!std.mem.eql(u8, account.id, id) or
        !std.mem.eql(u8, account.host, ctx.request.headers.get("host").?))
    {
        try ctx.response.statusOnly(404);
        return;
    }

    try ctx.response.headers.put("Content-Type", "application/ld+json; profile=\"https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams\"");

    var writer = try ctx.response.open(200);
    try writer.writeAll("{\"type\":\"Person\",");
    try writer.print("\"id\":\"{s}://{s}/user/{s}\",", .{ this_scheme, this_host, id });
    try writer.print("\"preferredUsername\":\"{s}\"", .{account.handle});
    try writer.writeAll("}");
}

fn staticString(comptime str: []const u8) Route.Handler {
    return (struct {
        fn func(ctx: *Context) anyerror!void {
            try ctx.response.headers.put("Content-Type", "text/plain");
            try ctx.response.write(200, str);
        }
    }).func;
}

pub fn main() anyerror!void {
    var srv = std.net.StreamServer.init(.{ .reuse_address = true });
    defer srv.deinit();

    try srv.listen(std.net.Address.parseIp("0.0.0.0", 8080) catch unreachable);

    while (true) {
        const conn = try srv.accept();

        // todo: keep track of connections
        _ = async handleConnection(conn);
    }
}