Generate non-overlapping collisions

Makefile

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+PROG=rectangles
+CC=gcc
+FLAGS=-lm -lraylib
+
+.DEFAULT_GOAL := build
+
+install: ${PROG}
+	cp ${PROG} ${PREFIX}/bin/
+
+build: ${PROG}.c
+	${CC} ${PROG}.c -o ${PROG} ${FLAGS}
+
+clean: ${PROG}
+	rm ${PROG}
+

README.md

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+# Rectangles
+
+A simple proof of concept algorithm to combine multiple tiled rectangles into a smaller number. This can be used to optimise the number of rectangles to check for collision in a game.
+
+## Requirements
+
+- C Compiler
+- raylib

rectangles.c

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+#include <complex.h>
+#include <raylib.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+#define TILESIZE 50
+
+#define SCREEN_W 800
+#define SCREEN_H 600
+#define RECT_COUNT (SCREEN_H / TILESIZE) * (SCREEN_W / TILESIZE)
+#define GRID_H (int) (SCREEN_W / TILESIZE);
+#define GRID_W (int) (SCREEN_H / TILESIZE);
+
+Rectangle rectangles[RECT_COUNT];
+
+int draw_grid() {
+    // vertical lines
+    for (int x = 0; x < SCREEN_W; x += TILESIZE) {
+        DrawLine(x, 0, x, SCREEN_H, DARKGRAY);
+    }
+    // vertical lines
+    for (int y = 0; y < SCREEN_H; y += TILESIZE) {
+        DrawLine(0, y, SCREEN_W, y, DARKGRAY);
+    }
+}
+
+int rect_valid(Rectangle rect) {
+    return rect.width || rect.height;
+}
+
+
+int draw_rectangles() {
+    for (int i = 0; i < RECT_COUNT; i++) {
+        Rectangle rectangle = rectangles[i];
+        if (rect_valid(rectangle)) {
+            DrawRectangleRec(rectangle, DARKGRAY);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+int rects_touch_y(Rectangle rect_a, Rectangle rect_b) {
+    return rect_a.x == rect_b.x && rect_a.width == rect_b.width &&
+           (rect_a.y == rect_b.y + rect_b.height ||
+            rect_b.y == rect_a.y + rect_a.height);
+}
+
+int rects_touch_x(Rectangle rect_a, Rectangle rect_b) {
+    return rect_a.y == rect_b.y && rect_a.height == rect_b.height &&
+           (rect_a.x == rect_b.x + rect_b.width ||
+            rect_b.x == rect_a.x + rect_a.width);
+}
+
+
+int draw_optimised_rectangles() {
+    Rectangle *optimised = malloc(sizeof(Rectangle) * RECT_COUNT);
+    int index = 0;
+
+    // copy rectangles to optimised
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < RECT_COUNT; i++) {
+        Rectangle rectangle = rectangles[i];
+        if (rect_valid(rectangle)) {
+            optimised[i] = rectangle;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Rectangle rect_a, rect_b;
+
+    // merge rectangles in x direction
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < RECT_COUNT; i++) {
+        if (rect_valid(rect_a = optimised[i]))
+            for (int j = 0; j < RECT_COUNT; j++) {
+              if (i != j && rect_valid(rect_b = optimised[j]) 
+                  && rects_touch_x(rect_a, rect_b)) {
+                optimised[i].x = rect_a.x < rect_b.x ? rect_a.x : rect_b.x;
+                optimised[i].width = rect_a.width + rect_b.width;
+                rect_a = optimised[i];
+                // delete j
+                optimised[j].width = 0;
+              }
+            }
+    }
+
+    // merge rectangles in y direction
+     
+    for (int i = 0; i < RECT_COUNT; i++) {
+        if (rect_valid(rect_a = optimised[i]))
+            for (int j = 0; j < RECT_COUNT; j++) {
+              if (i != j && rect_valid(rect_b = optimised[j]) 
+                  && rects_touch_y(rect_a, rect_b)) {
+
+                optimised[i].y = rect_a.y < rect_b.y ? rect_a.y : rect_b.y;
+                optimised[i].height = rect_a.height + rect_b.height;
+                rect_a = optimised[i];
+                // delete j
+                optimised[j].width = 0;
+              }
+            }
+    }
+
+    Rectangle rectangle;
+    for (int i = 0; i < RECT_COUNT; i++) {
+        if (rect_valid(rectangle = optimised[i]))
+            DrawRectangleLinesEx(rectangle, 2, GREEN);
+    }
+    free(optimised);
+}
+
+int draw() {
+    BeginDrawing();
+    ClearBackground(LIGHTGRAY);
+
+    draw_grid();
+    draw_rectangles();
+    draw_optimised_rectangles();
+
+    if (IsMouseButtonDown(MOUSE_BUTTON_LEFT)) {
+        int gridx = (int) floor(GetMouseX() / TILESIZE);
+        int gridy = (int) floor(GetMouseY() / TILESIZE);
+
+        Rectangle rectangle = (Rectangle){gridx * TILESIZE, gridy * TILESIZE, TILESIZE, TILESIZE};
+
+        // keep rectangles in order so that larger y and x are more right / left
+        int rect_index = gridx + gridy*GRID_H;
+        rectangles[rect_index] = rectangle;
+    }
+
+    EndDrawing();
+}
+
+int main() {
+    SetTargetFPS(60);
+    InitWindow(SCREEN_W, SCREEN_H, "Rectangles");
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < RECT_COUNT; i++) {
+        rectangles[i] = (Rectangle){0, 0, 0, 0};
+    }
+
+    while(!WindowShouldClose()) {
+        draw();
+    }
+
+    CloseWindow();
+    
+    return 0;
+}