# Onion Monero Blockchain Explorer Currently available Monero blockchain explorers have several limitations which are of special importance to privacy-oriented users: - they use JavaScript, - have images which might be used for [cookieless tracking](http://lucb1e.com/rp/cookielesscookies/), - track users activates through google analytics, - are closed sourced, - are not available as hidden services, - do not support Monero testnet nor stagenet networks, - have limited JSON API. In this example, these limitations are addressed by development of an Onion Monero Blockchain Explorer. The example not only shows how to use Monero C++ libraries, but also demonstrates how to use: - [crow](https://github.com/ipkn/crow) - C++ micro web framework - [mstch](https://github.com/no1msd/mstch) - C++ {{mustache}} templates - [json](https://github.com/nlohmann/json) - JSON for Modern C++ - [fmt](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt) - Small, safe and fast string formatting library ## Explorer hosts Tor users: - [http://dvwae436pd7nt4bc.onion](http://dvwae436pd7nt4bc.onion) (Down for now: front-end templates are [maintained by @suhz](https://github.com/suhz/onion-monero-blockchain-explorer/tree/moneroexplorer.com/src/templates)). Clearnet versions: - [https://xmrchain.net/](https://xmrchain.net/) - https enabled, most popular and very stable. - [https://monero.exan.tech/](https://monero.exan.tech/) - https enabled, custom theme. - [https://monerohash.com/explorer/](https://monerohash.com/explorer/) - nice looking one, https enabled. - [http://monerochain.com/](http://monerochain.com/) - JSON API based, multiple nodes. - [https://blox.minexmr.com/](https://blox.minexmr.com/) - - https enabled. - [https://community.xmr.to/explorer/mainnet/](https://community.xmr.to/explorer/mainnet/) Testnet version: - [https://testnet.xmrchain.com/](https://testnet.xmrchain.com/) - https enabled. - [https://community.xmr.to/explorer/testnet/](https://community.xmr.to/explorer/testnet/) Stagenet version: - [https://stagenet.xmrchain.net/](https://stagenet.xmrchain.net/) - [https://monero-stagenet.exan.tech/](https://monero-stagenet.exan.tech/) - [http://162.210.173.150:8083/](http://162.210.173.150:8083/) - [https://community.xmr.to/explorer/stagenet/](https://community.xmr.to/explorer/stagenet/) i2p users (main Monero network): - [http://7o4gezpkye6ekibhgpkg7v626ze4idsirapufzrefkdysa6zxhha.b32.i2p/](http://7o4gezpkye6ekibhgpkg7v626ze4idsirapufzrefkdysa6zxhha.b32.i2p/) Alternative block explorers: - [http://moneroblocks.info](http://moneroblocks.info/) - [https://monerovision.com](https://monerovision.com) - [http://chainradar.com](http://chainradar.com/xmr/blocks) ## Onion Monero Blockchain Explorer features The key features of the Onion Monero Blockchain Explorer are: - no cookies, no web analytics trackers, no images, - open sourced, - made fully in C++, - showing encrypted payments ID, - showing ring signatures, - showing transaction extra field, - showing public components of Monero addresses, - decoding which outputs and mixins belong to the given Monero address and viewkey, - can prove that you send Monero to someone, - detailed information about ring members, such as, their age, timescale and their ring sizes, - showing number of amount output indices, - support Monero testnet and stagnet networks, - tx checker and pusher for online pushing of transactions, - estimate possible spendings based on address and viewkey, - can provide total amount of all miner fees, - decoding encrypted payment id, - decoding outputs and proving txs sent to sub-address. - listing RandomX code for each block ## Development branch Current development branch: - https://github.com/moneroexamples/onion-monero-blockchain-explorer/tree/devel Note: `devel` branch of the explorer follows `master` branch of the monero! ## Compilation on Ubuntu 16.04/18.04 #### Monero download and compilation To download and compile recent Monero follow instructions in the following link: https://github.com/moneroexamples/monero-compilation/blob/master/README.md ##### Compile and run the explorer Once the Monero compiles, the explorer can be downloaded and compiled as follows: ```bash # go to home folder if still in ~/monero cd ~ # download the source code git clone https://github.com/moneroexamples/onion-monero-blockchain-explorer.git # enter the downloaded sourced code folder cd onion-monero-blockchain-explorer # make a build folder and enter it mkdir build && cd build # create the makefile cmake .. # compile make ``` To run it: ``` ./xmrblocks ``` By default it will look for blockchain in its default location i.e., `~/.bitmonero/lmdb`. You can use `-b` option if its in different location. For example: ```bash ./xmrblocks -b /home/mwo/non-defult-monero-location/lmdb/ ``` Example output: ```bash [mwo@arch onion-monero-blockchain-explorer]$ ./xmrblocks 2016-May-28 10:04:49.160280 Blockchain initialized. last block: 1056761, d0.h0.m12.s47 time ago, current difficulty: 1517857750 (2016-05-28 02:04:49) [INFO ] Crow/0.1 server is running, local port 8081 ``` Go to your browser: http://127.0.0.1:8081 ## The explorer's command line options ``` xmrblocks, Onion Monero Blockchain Explorer: -h [ --help ] [=arg(=1)] (=0) produce help message -t [ --testnet ] [=arg(=1)] (=0) use testnet blockchain -s [ --stagenet ] [=arg(=1)] (=0) use stagenet blockchain --enable-pusher [=arg(=1)] (=0) enable signed transaction pusher --enable-randomx [=arg(=1)] (=0) enable generation of randomx code --enable-mixin-details [=arg(=1)] (=0) enable mixin details for key images, e.g., timescale, mixin of mixins, in tx context --enable-key-image-checker [=arg(=1)] (=0) enable key images file checker --enable-output-key-checker [=arg(=1)] (=0) enable outputs key file checker --enable-json-api [=arg(=1)] (=0) enable JSON REST api --enable-as-hex [=arg(=1)] (=0) enable links to provide hex represtations of a tx and a block --enable-autorefresh-option [=arg(=1)] (=0) enable users to have the index page on autorefresh --enable-emission-monitor [=arg(=1)] (=0) enable Monero total emission monitoring thread -p [ --port ] arg (=8081) default explorer port -x [ --bindaddr ] arg (=0.0.0.0) default bind address for the explorer --testnet-url arg you can specify testnet url, if you run it on mainnet or stagenet. link will show on front page to testnet explorer --stagenet-url arg you can specify stagenet url, if you run it on mainnet or testnet. link will show on front page to stagenet explorer --mainnet-url arg you can specify mainnet url, if you run it on testnet or stagenet. link will show on front page to mainnet explorer --no-blocks-on-index arg (=10) number of last blocks to be shown on index page --mempool-info-timeout arg (=5000) maximum time, in milliseconds, to wait for mempool data for the front page --mempool-refresh-time arg (=5) time, in seconds, for each refresh of mempool state -c [ --concurrency ] arg (=0) number of threads handling http queries. Default is 0 which means it is based you on the cpu -b [ --bc-path ] arg path to lmdb folder of the blockchain, e.g., ~/.bitmonero/lmdb --ssl-crt-file arg path to crt file for ssl (https) functionality --ssl-key-file arg path to key file for ssl (https) functionality -d [ --deamon-url ] arg (=http:://127.0.0.1:18081) Monero daemon url --daemon-login arg Specify username[:password] for daemon RPC client ``` Example usage, defined as bash aliases. ```bash # for mainnet explorer alias xmrblocksmainnet='~/onion-monero-blockchain-explorer/build/xmrblocks --port 8081 --testnet-url "http://139.162.32.245:8082" --enable-pusher --enable-emission-monitor' # for testnet explorer alias xmrblockstestnet='~/onion-monero-blockchain-explorer/build/xmrblocks -t --port 8082 --mainnet-url "http://139.162.32.245:8081" --enable-pusher --enable-emission-monitor' ``` ## Enable Monero emission Obtaining current Monero emission amount is not straight forward. Thus, by default it is disabled. To enable it use `--enable-emission-monitor` flag, e.g., ```bash xmrblocks --enable-emission-monitor ``` This flag will enable emission monitoring thread. When started, the thread will initially scan the entire blockchain, and calculate the cumulative emission based on each block. Since it is a separate thread, the explorer will work as usual during this time. Every 10000 blocks, the thread will save current emission in a file, by default, in `~/.bitmonero/lmdb/emission_amount.txt`. For testnet or stagenet networks, it is `~/.bitmonero/testnet/lmdb/emission_amount.txt` or `~/.bitmonero/stagenet/lmdb/emission_amount.txt`. This file is used so that we don't need to rescan entire blockchain whenever the explorer is restarted. When the explorer restarts, the thread will first check if `~/.bitmonero/lmdb/emission_amount.txt` is present, read its values, and continue from there if possible. Subsequently, only the initial use of the tread is time consuming. Once the thread scans the entire blockchain, it updates the emission amount using new blocks as they come. Since the explorer writes this file, there can be only one instance of it running for mainnet, testnet and stagenet. Thus, for example, you cant have two explorers for mainnet running at the same time, as they will be trying to write and read the same file at the same time, leading to unexpected results. Off course having one instance for mainnet and one instance for testnet is fine, as they write to different files. When the emission monitor is enabled, information about current emission of coinbase and fees is displayed on the front page, e.g., : ``` Monero emission (fees) is 14485540.430 (52545.373) as of 1313448 block ``` The values given, can be checked using Monero daemon's `print_coinbase_tx_sum` command. For example, for the above example: `print_coinbase_tx_sum 0 1313449`. To disable the monitor, simply restart the explorer without `--enable-emission-monitor` flag. ## Enable SSL (https) By default, the explorer does not use ssl. But it has such a functionality. As an example, you can generate your own ssl certificates as follows: ```bash cd /tmp # example folder openssl genrsa -out server.key 1024 openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt ``` Having the `crt` and `key` files, run `xmrblocks` in the following way: ```bash ./xmrblocks --ssl-crt-file=/tmp/server.crt --ssl-key-file=/tmp/server.key ``` Note: Because we generated our own certificate, modern browsers will complain about it as they cant verify the signatures against any third party. So probably for any practical use need to have properly issued ssl certificates. ## JSON API The explorer has JSON api. For the API, it uses conventions defined by [JSend](https://labs.omniti.com/labs/jsend). By default the api is disabled. To enable it, use `--enable-json-api` flag, e.g., ``` ./xmrblocks --enable-json-api ``` #### api/transaction/ ```bash curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/transaction/6093260dbe79fd6277694d14789dc8718f1bd54457df8bab338c2efa3bb0f03d" ``` Partial results shown: ```json { "data": { "block_height": 1268252, "coinbase": false, "confirmations": 1, "current_height": 1268253, "extra": "01be23e277aed6b5f41f66b05244bf994c13108347366ec678ae16657f0fc3a22b", "inputs": [ { "amount": 0, "key_image": "67838fd0ffd79f13e735830d3ec60412aed59e53e1f997feb6f73d088b949611", "mixins": [ { "block_no": 1238623, "public_key": "0a5b853c55303c10e1326acfb085b9e246e088b1ccac7e37f7a810d46a28a914" }, { "block_no": 1246942, "public_key": "527cf86f5abbfb006c970f7c6eb40493786d4751306f8985c6a43f98a88c0dff" } ] } ], "mixin": 9, "outputs": [ { "amount": 0, "public_key": "525779873776e4a42f517fd79b72e7c31c3ba03e730fc32287f6414fb702c1d7" }, { "amount": 0, "public_key": "e25f00fceb77af841d780b68647618812695b4ca6ebe338faba6e077f758ac30" } ], "payment_id": "", "payment_id8": "", "rct_type": 1, "timestamp": 1489753456, "timestamp_utc": "2017-03-17 12:24:16", "tx_fee": 12517785574, "tx_hash": "6093260dbe79fd6277694d14789dc8718f1bd54457df8bab338c2efa3bb0f03d", "tx_size": 13323, "tx_version": 2, "xmr_inputs": 0, "xmr_outputs": 0 }, "status": "success" } ``` #### api/transactions Transactions in last 25 blocks ```bash curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/transactions" ``` Partial results shown: ```json { "data": { "blocks": [ { "age": "33:16:49:53", "height": 1268252, "size": 105390000000000000, "timestamp": 1489753456, "timestamp_utc": "2017-03-17 12:24:16", "txs": [ { "coinbase": true, "mixin": 0, "outputs": 8491554678365, "rct_type": 0, "tx_fee": 0, "tx_hash": "7c4286f64544568265bb5418df84ae69afaa3567749210e46f8340c247f4803f", "tx_size": 151000000000000, "tx_version": 2 }, { "coinbase": false, "mixin": 5, "outputs": 0, "rct_type": 2, "tx_fee": 17882516700, "tx_hash": "2bfbccb918ee5f050808dd040ce03943b7315b81788e9cdee59cf86b557ba48c", "tx_size": 19586000000000000, "tx_version": 2 } ] } ], "limit": 25, "page": 0 }, "status": "success" } ``` #### api/transactions?page=&limit= ```bash curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/transactions?page=2&limit=10" ``` Result analogical to the one above. #### api/block/ ```bash curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://139.162.32.245:8081/api/block/1293257" ``` Partial results shown: ```json { "data": { "block_height": 1293257, "block_reward": 0, "current_height": 1293264, "hash": "9ef6bb8f9b8bd253fc6390e5c2cdc45c8ee99fad16447437108bf301fe6bd6e1", "size": 141244, "timestamp": 1492761974, "timestamp_utc": "2017-04-21 08:06:14", "txs": [ { "coinbase": true, "extra": "018ae9560eb85d5ebd22d3beaed55c21d469eab430c5e3cac61b3fe2f5ad156770020800000001a9030800", "mixin": 0, "payment_id": "", "payment_id8": "", "rct_type": 0, "tx_fee": 0, "tx_hash": "3ff71b65bec34c9261e01a856e6a03594cf0472acf6b77db3f17ebd18eaa30bf", "tx_size": 95, "tx_version": 2, "xmr_inputs": 0, "xmr_outputs": 8025365394426 } ] }, "status": "success" } ``` #### api/mempool Return all txs in the mempool. ```bash curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/mempool" ``` Partial results shown: ```json { "data": { "limit": 100000000, "page": 0, "total_page_no": 0, "txs": [ { "coinbase": false, "extra": "022100325f677d96f94155a4840a84d8e0c905f7a4697a25744633bcb438feb1e51fb2012eda81bf552c53c2168f4130dbe0265c3a7898f3a7eee7c1fed955a778167b5d", "mixin": 3, "payment_id": "325f677d96f94155a4840a84d8e0c905f7a4697a25744633bcb438feb1e51fb2", "payment_id8": "", "rct_type": 2, "timestamp": 1494470894, "timestamp_utc": "2017-05-11 02:48:14", "tx_fee": 15894840000, "tx_hash": "9f3374f8ac67febaab153eab297937a3d0d2c706601e496bf5028146da0c9aef", "tx_size": 13291, "tx_version": 2, "xmr_inputs": 0, "xmr_outputs": 0 } ], "txs_no": 7 }, "status": "success" } ``` Limit of 100000000 is just default value above to ensure that all mempool txs are fetched if no specific limit given. #### api/mempool?limit= Return number of newest mempool txs, e.g., only 10. ```bash curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/mempool?limit=10" ``` Result analogical to the one above. #### api/search/ ```bash curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/search/1293669" ``` Partial results shown: ```json { "data": { "block_height": 1293669, "current_height": 1293670, "hash": "5d55b8fabf85b0b4c959d66ad509eb92ddfe5c2b0e84e1760abcb090195c1913", "size": 118026, "timestamp": 1492815321, "timestamp_utc": "2017-04-21 22:55:21", "title": "block", "txs": [ { "coinbase": true, "extra": "01cb7fda09033a5fa06dc601b9295ef3790397cf3c645e958e34cf7ab699d2f5230208000000027f030200", "mixin": 0, "payment_id": "", "payment_id8": "", "rct_type": 0, "tx_fee": 0, "tx_hash": "479ba432f5c88736b438dd4446a11a13046a752d469f7828151f5c5b86be4e9a", "tx_size": 95, "tx_version": 2, "xmr_inputs": 0, "xmr_outputs": 7992697599717 } ] }, "status": "success" } ``` #### api/outputs?txhash=&address=
&viewkey=&txprove=<0|1> For `txprove=0` we check which outputs belong to given address and corresponding viewkey. For `txprove=1` we use to prove to the recipient that we sent them founds. For this, we use recipient's address and our tx private key as a viewkey value, i.e., `viewkey=` Checking outputs: ```bash # we use here official Monero project's donation address as an example curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/outputs?txhash=17049bc5f2d9fbca1ce8dae443bbbbed2fc02f1ee003ffdd0571996905faa831&address=44AFFq5kSiGBoZ4NMDwYtN18obc8AemS33DBLWs3H7otXft3XjrpDtQGv7SqSsaBYBb98uNbr2VBBEt7f2wfn3RVGQBEP3A&viewkey=f359631075708155cc3d92a32b75a7d02a5dcf27756707b47a2b31b21c389501&txprove=0" ``` ```json { "data": { "address": "42f18fc61586554095b0799b5c4b6f00cdeb26a93b20540d366932c6001617b75db35109fbba7d5f275fef4b9c49e0cc1c84b219ec6ff652fda54f89f7f63c88", "outputs": [ { "amount": 34980000000000, "match": true, "output_idx": 0, "output_pubkey": "35d7200229e725c2bce0da3a2f20ef0720d242ecf88bfcb71eff2025c2501fdb" }, { "amount": 0, "match": false, "output_idx": 1, "output_pubkey": "44efccab9f9b42e83c12da7988785d6c4eb3ec6e7aa2ae1234e2f0f7cb9ed6dd" } ], "tx_hash": "17049bc5f2d9fbca1ce8dae443bbbbed2fc02f1ee003ffdd0571996905faa831", "tx_prove": false, "viewkey": "f359631075708155cc3d92a32b75a7d02a5dcf27756707b47a2b31b21c389501" }, "status": "success" } ``` Proving transfer: We use recipient's address (i.e. not our address from which we sent xmr to recipient). For the viewkey, we use `tx_private_key` (although the GET variable is still called `viewkey`) that we obtained by sending this txs. ```bash # this is for testnet transaction curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8082/api/outputs?txhash=94782a8c0aa8d8768afa0c040ef0544b63eb5148ca971a024ac402cad313d3b3&address=9wUf8UcPUtb2huK7RphBw5PFCyKosKxqtGxbcKBDnzTCPrdNfJjLjtuht87zhTgsffCB21qmjxjj18Pw7cBnRctcKHrUB7N&viewkey=e94b5bfc599d2f741d6f07e3ab2a83f915e96fb374dfb2cd3dbe730e34ecb40b&txprove=1" ``` ```json { "data": { "address": "71bef5945b70bc0a31dbbe6cd0bd5884fe694bbfd18fff5f68f709438554fb88a51b1291e378e2f46a0155108782c242cc1be78af229242c36d4f4d1c4f72da2", "outputs": [ { "amount": 1000000000000, "match": true, "output_idx": 0, "output_pubkey": "c1bf4dd020b5f0ab70bd672d2f9e800ea7b8ab108b080825c1d6cfc0b7f7ee00" }, { "amount": 0, "match": false, "output_idx": 1, "output_pubkey": "8c61fae6ada2a103565dfdd307c7145b2479ddb1dab1eaadfa6c34db65d189d5" } ], "tx_hash": "94782a8c0aa8d8768afa0c040ef0544b63eb5148ca971a024ac402cad313d3b3", "tx_prove": true, "viewkey": "e94b5bfc599d2f741d6f07e3ab2a83f915e96fb374dfb2cd3dbe730e34ecb40b" }, "status": "success" } ``` Result analogical to the one above. #### api/networkinfo ```bash curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/networkinfo" ``` ```json { "data": { "alt_blocks_count": 0, "block_size_limit": 600000, "cumulative_difficulty": 2091549555696348, "difficulty": 7941560081, "fee_per_kb": 303970000, "grey_peerlist_size": 4991, "hash_rate": 66179667, "height": 1310423, "incoming_connections_count": 0, "outgoing_connections_count": 5, "start_time": 1494822692, "status": "OK", "target": 120, "target_height": 0, "testnet": false, "top_block_hash": "76f9e85d62415312758bc09e0b9b48fd2b005231ad1eee435a8081e551203f82", "tx_count": 1219048, "tx_pool_size": 2, "white_peerlist_size": 1000 }, "status": "success" } ``` #### api/outputsblocks Search for our outputs in last few blocks (up to 5 blocks), using provided address and viewkey. ```bash # testnet address curl -w "\n" -X GET http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/outputsblocks?address=9sDyNU82ih1gdhDgrqHbEcfSDFASjFgxL9B9v5f1AytFUrYsVEj7bD9Pyx5Sw2qLk8HgGdFM8qj5DNecqGhm24Ce6QwEGDi&viewkey=807079280293998634d66e745562edaaca45c0a75c8290603578b54e9397e90a&limit=5&mempool=1 ``` Example result: ```json { "data": { "address": "0182d5be0f708cecf2b6f9889738bde5c930fad846d5b530e021afd1ae7e24a687ad50af3a5d38896655669079ad0163b4a369f6c852cc816dace5fc7792b72f", "height": 960526, "limit": "5", "mempool": true, "outputs": [ { "amount": 33000000000000, "block_no": 0, "in_mempool": true, "output_idx": 1, "output_pubkey": "2417b24fc99b2cbd9459278b532b37f15eab6b09bbfc44f9d17e15cd25d5b44f", "payment_id": "", "tx_hash": "9233708004c51d15f44e86ac1a3b99582ed2bede4aaac6e2dd71424a9147b06f" }, { "amount": 2000000000000, "block_no": 960525, "in_mempool": false, "output_idx": 0, "output_pubkey": "9984101f5471dda461f091962f1f970b122d4469077aed6b978a910dc3ed4576", "payment_id": "0000000000000055", "tx_hash": "37825d0feb2e96cd10fa9ec0b990ac2e97d2648c0f23e4f7d68d2298996acefd" }, { "amount": 96947454120000, "block_no": 960525, "in_mempool": false, "output_idx": 1, "output_pubkey": "e4bded8e2a9ec4d41682a34d0a37596ec62742b28e74b897fcc00a47fcaa8629", "payment_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001234", "tx_hash": "4fad5f2bdb6dbd7efc2ce7efa3dd20edbd2a91640ce35e54c6887f0ee5a1a679" } ], "viewkey": "807079280293998634d66e745562edaaca45c0a75c8290603578b54e9397e90a" }, "status": "success" } ``` #### api/emission ```bash curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/emission" ``` ```json { "data": { "blk_no": 1313969, "coinbase": 14489473877253413000, "fee": 52601974988641130 }, "status": "success" } ``` Emission only works when the emission monitoring thread is enabled. #### api/version ```bash curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8081/api/version" ``` ```json { "data": { "api": 65536, "blockchain_height": 1357031, "git_branch_name": "update_to_current_monero", "last_git_commit_date": "2017-07-25", "last_git_commit_hash": "a549f25", "monero_version_full": "0.10.3.1-ab594cfe" }, "status": "success" } ``` api number is store as `uint32_t`. In this case `65536` represents major version 1 and minor version 0. In JavaScript to get these numbers, one can do as follows: ```javascript var api_major = response.data.api >> 16; var api_minor = response.data.api & 0xffff; ``` #### api/rawblock/ Return raw json block data, as represented in Monero. ```bash curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://139.162.32.245:8081/api/rawblock/1293257" ``` Example result not shown. #### api/rawtransaction/ Return raw json tx data, as represented in Monero. ```bash curl -w "\n" -X GET "http://139.162.32.245:8081/api/rawtransaction/6093260dbe79fd6277694d14789dc8718f1bd54457df8bab338c2efa3bb0f03d" ``` Example result not shown. ## Other monero examples Other examples can be found on [github](https://github.com/moneroexamples?tab=repositories). Please know that some of the examples/repositories are not finished and may not work as intended. ## How can you help? Constructive criticism, code and website edits are always good. They can be made through github.