onion-wownero-blockchain-explorer/README.md

# Onion Monero Blockchain Explorer

Currently available Monero blockchain explorers have several limitations which are of 
special importance to privacy-oriented users:

 - they use JavaScript,
 - have images which might be used for [cookieless tracking](http://lucb1e.com/rp/cookielesscookies/),
 - track users activates through google analytics,
 - are closed sourced,
 - are not available as hidden services,
 - do not support Monero testnet,
 - have limited JSON API.


In this example, these limitations are addressed by development of
an Onion Monero Blockchain Explorer. The example not only shows how to use 
Monero C++ libraries, but also demonstrates how to use:

 - [crow](https://github.com/ipkn/crow) - C++ micro web framework 
 - [mstch](https://github.com/no1msd/mstch) - C++ {{mustache}} templates
 - [json](https://github.com/nlohmann/json) - JSON for Modern C++
 - [fmt](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt) - Small, safe and fast string formatting library

## Addresses

Tor users:
 
 - [http://dvwae436pd7nt4bc.onion](http://dvwae436pd7nt4bc.onion)
  
Clearnet versions:

 - [http://139.162.32.245:8081/](http://139.162.32.245:8081/) - bleeding edge version, no https.
 - [https://xmrchain.net/](https://xmrchain.net/) - https enabled, most popular and very stable.
 - [https://monerohash.com/explorer/](https://monerohash.com/explorer/) - nice looking one, https enabled.
 - [http://explore.MoneroWorld.com](http://explore.moneroworld.com) - same as the second one.
 - [https://explorer.xmr.my/](https://explorer.xmr.my/) - https enabled.
 - [https://explorer.monero-otc.com/](https://explorer.monero-otc.com/) - https enabled.
 - [http://monerochain.com/](http://monerochain.com/) - JSON API based, multiple nodes.
  
Clearnet testnet Monero version:

 - [http://139.162.32.245:8082/](http://139.162.32.245:8082/) - bleeding edge version, no https. 
 - [https://testnet.xmrchain.com/](https://testnet.xmrchain.com/) - https enabled.


i2p users (main Monero network) - down for now:

 - [http://monerotools.i2p](http://monerotools.i2p)

Alternative Monero block explorers:

- [http://moneroblocks.info](http://moneroblocks.info/)
- [https://monerobase.com](https://monerobase.com/)
- [http://chainradar.com](http://chainradar.com/xmr/blocks)
 
## Onion Monero Blockchain Explorer features

The key features of the Onion Monero Blockchain Explorer are:

 - no javascript, no cookies, no web analytics trackers, no images,
 - open sourced,
 - made fully in C++,
 - the only explorer showing encrypted payments ID,
 - the only explorer showing ring signatures,
 - the only explorer showing transaction extra field,
 - the only explorer showing public components of Monero addresses,
 - the only explorer that can show which outputs and mixins belong to the given Monero address and viewkey,
 - the only explorer that can be used to prove that you send Monero to someone,
 - the only explorer showing detailed information about mixins, such as, mixins'
 age, timescale, mixin of mixins,
 - the only explorer showing number of amount output indices,
 - the only explorer supporting Monero testnet network,
 - the only explorer providing tx checker and pusher for online pushing of transactions,
 - the only explorer able to estimate possible spendings based on address and viewkey.


## Compilation on Ubuntu 16.04

##### Compile latest Monero

Download and compile recent Monero release into your home folder:

```bash
# first install monero dependecines
sudo apt update

sudo apt install git build-essential cmake libboost-all-dev miniupnpc libunbound-dev graphviz doxygen libunwind8-dev pkg-config libssl-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libgtest-dev

# go to home folder 
cd ~

git clone https://github.com/monero-project/monero

cd monero/

# checkout last monero version
git checkout -b v0.10.3.1

make
```

##### Compile and run the explorer
Once the Monero is compiles, the explorer can be downloaded and compiled
as follows:

```bash
# go to home folder if still in ~/monero
cd ~
# download the source code
git clone https://github.com/moneroexamples/onion-monero-blockchain-explorer.git

# enter the downloaded sourced code folder
cd onion-monero-blockchain-explorer

# make a build folder and enter it
mkdir build && cd build

# create the makefile
cmake ..

# altearnatively can use: cmake -DMONERO_DIR=/path/to/monero_folder .. 
# if monero is not in ~/monero

# compile
make
```

When compilation finishes executable `xmrblocks` should be created. Before running
please make sure that  `~/Downloads` folder exists and is writable. 
Time zone library that explorer is using, puts there 
its database of time zone offsets

To run it:
```
./xmrblocks
```

By default it will look for blockchain in its default location i.e., `~/.bitmonero/lmdb`.
You can use `--bc-path` option if its in different location. 
Example output:

```bash
[mwo@arch onion-monero-blockchain-explorer]$ ./xmrblocks
2016-May-28 10:04:49.160280 Blockchain initialized. last block: 1056761, d0.h0.m12.s47 time ago, current difficulty: 1517857750
(2016-05-28 02:04:49) [INFO    ] Crow/0.1 server is running, local port 8081
```

Go to your browser: http://127.0.0.1:8081

## The explorer's command line options

```
./xmrblocks -h
xmrblocks, Onion Monero Blockchain Explorer:
  -h [ --help ] [=arg(=1)] (=0)         produce help message
  -t [ --testnet ] [=arg(=1)] (=0)      use testnet blockchain
  --enable-pusher [=arg(=1)] (=0)       enable signed transaction pusher
  --enable-mixin-details [=arg(=1)] (=0)
                                        enable mixin details for key images, 
                                        e.g., timescale, mixin of mixins, in tx
                                        context
  --enable-key-image-checker [=arg(=1)] (=0)
                                        enable key images file checker
  --enable-output-key-checker [=arg(=1)] (=0)
                                        enable outputs key file checker
  --enable-mempool-cache arg (=1)       enable caching of transactions from the
                                        mempool
  --enable-json-api arg (=1)            enable JSON REST api
  --enable-tx-cache [=arg(=1)] (=0)     enable caching of transaction details
  --show-cache-times [=arg(=1)] (=0)    show times of getting data from cache 
                                        vs no cache
  --enable-block-cache [=arg(=1)] (=0)  enable caching of block details
  --enable-autorefresh-option [=arg(=1)] (=0)
                                        enable users to have the index page on 
                                        autorefresh
  --enable-emission-monitor [=arg(=1)] (=0)
                                        enable Monero total emission monitoring
                                        thread
  -p [ --port ] arg (=8081)             default explorer port
  --testnet-url arg                     you can specify testnet url, if you run
                                        it on mainnet. link will show on front 
                                        page to testnet explorer
  --mainnet-url arg                     you can specify mainnet url, if you run
                                        it on testnet. link will show on front 
                                        page to mainnet explorer
  --no-blocks-on-index arg (=10)        number of last blocks to be shown on 
                                        index page
  -b [ --bc-path ] arg                  path to lmdb folder of the blockchain, 
                                        e.g., ~/.bitmonero/lmdb
  --ssl-crt-file arg                    path to crt file for ssl (https) 
                                        functionality
  --ssl-key-file arg                    path to key file for ssl (https) 
                                        functionality
  -d [ --deamon-url ] arg (=http:://127.0.0.1:18081)
                                        Monero deamon url
```

Example usage, defined as bash aliases.

```bash
# for mainnet explorer
alias xmrblocksmainnet='~/onion-monero-blockchain-explorer/build/xmrblocks    --port 8081 --no-blocks-on-index 24 --testnet-url "http://139.162.32.245:8082" --enable-pusher --enable-emission-monitor'

# for testnet explorer
alias xmrblockstestnet='~/onion-monero-blockchain-explorer/build/xmrblocks -t --port 8082 --no-blocks-on-index 24 --mainnet-url "http://139.162.32.245:8081" --enable-pusher --enable-emission-monitor'
```

These are aliases similar to those used for http://139.162.32.245:8081/ and http://139.162.32.245:8082/, respectively.

## Enable Monero emission 

Obtaining current Monero emission amount is not straight forward. Thus, by default it is 
disabled. To enable it use `--enable-emission-monitor` flag, e.g., 


```bash
xmrblocks --enable-emission-monitor 
```

This flag will enable emission monitoring thread. When started, the thread
 will initially scan the entire blockchain, and calculate the cumulative emission based on each block.
Since it is a separate thread, the explorer will work as usual during this time. 
Every 10000 blocks, the thread will save current emission in a file, by default, 
 in `~/.bitmonero/lmdb/emission_amount.txt`. This file is used so that we don't
 need to rescan entire blockchain whenever the explorer is restarted. When the 
 explorer restarts, the thread will first check if `~/.bitmonero/lmdb/emission_amount.txt`
 is present, read its values, and continue from there if possible. Subsequently, only the initial
 use of the tread is time consuming. Once the thread scans the entire blockchain, it updates
 the emission amount using new blocks as they come.
 
 When the emission monitor is enabled, information about current emission of coinbase and fees is 
 displayed on the front page, e.g., :
 
```
Monero emission (fees) is 14485540.430 (52545.373) as of 1313448 block
```
 
To disable the monitor, simply restart the explorer without `--enable-emission-monitor` flag. 
    
## Enable SSL (https)

By default, the explorer does not use ssl. But it has such a functionality. 

As an example, you can generate your own ssl certificates as follows:

```bash
cd /tmp # example folder
openssl genrsa -out server.key 1024
openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt
```

Having the `crt` and `key` files, run `xmrblocks` in the following way:

```bash
./xmrblocks --ssl-crt-file=/tmp/server.crt --ssl-key-file=/tmp/server.key 
```

Note: Because we generated our own certificate, modern browsers will complain
about it as they cant verify the signatures against any third party. So probably
for any practical use need to have properly issued ssl certificates. 

## JSON API

The explorer has JSON api. For the API, it uses conventions defined by [JSend](https://labs.omniti.com/labs/jsend).

#### api/transaction/<tx_hash>

```bash
curl  -w "\n" -X GET "http://139.162.32.245:8081/api/transaction/6093260dbe79fd6277694d14789dc8718f1bd54457df8bab338c2efa3bb0f03d"
```

Partial results shown:

```json
{
  "data": {
    "block_height": 1268252,
    "coinbase": false,
    "confirmations": 1,
    "current_height": 1268253,
    "extra": "01be23e277aed6b5f41f66b05244bf994c13108347366ec678ae16657f0fc3a22b",
    "inputs": [
      {
        "amount": 0,
        "key_image": "67838fd0ffd79f13e735830d3ec60412aed59e53e1f997feb6f73d088b949611",
        "mixins": [
          {
            "block_no": 1238623,
            "public_key": "0a5b853c55303c10e1326acfb085b9e246e088b1ccac7e37f7a810d46a28a914"
          },
          {
            "block_no": 1246942,
            "public_key": "527cf86f5abbfb006c970f7c6eb40493786d4751306f8985c6a43f98a88c0dff"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "mixin": 9,
    "outputs": [
      {
        "amount": 0,
        "public_key": "525779873776e4a42f517fd79b72e7c31c3ba03e730fc32287f6414fb702c1d7"
      },
      {
        "amount": 0,
        "public_key": "e25f00fceb77af841d780b68647618812695b4ca6ebe338faba6e077f758ac30"
      }
    ],
    "payment_id": "",
    "payment_id8": "",
    "rct_type": 1,
    "timestamp": 1489753456,
    "timestamp_utc": "2017-03-17 12:24:16",
    "tx_fee": 12517785574,
    "tx_hash": "6093260dbe79fd6277694d14789dc8718f1bd54457df8bab338c2efa3bb0f03d",
    "tx_size": 13323,
    "tx_version": 2,
    "xmr_inputs": 0,
    "xmr_outputs": 0
  },
  "status": "success"
}
```

#### api/transactions

Transactions in last 25 blocks


```bash
curl  -w "\n" -X GET "http://139.162.32.245:8081/api/transactions"
```

Partial results shown:

```json
{
  "data": {
    "blocks": [
      {
        "age": "33:16:49:53",
        "height": 1268252,
        "size": 105390000000000000,
        "timestamp": 1489753456,
        "timestamp_utc": "2017-03-17 12:24:16",
        "txs": [
          {
            "coinbase": true,
            "mixin": 0,
            "outputs": 8491554678365,
            "rct_type": 0,
            "tx_fee": 0,
            "tx_hash": "7c4286f64544568265bb5418df84ae69afaa3567749210e46f8340c247f4803f",
            "tx_size": 151000000000000,
            "tx_version": 2
          },
          {
            "coinbase": false,
            "mixin": 5,
            "outputs": 0,
            "rct_type": 2,
            "tx_fee": 17882516700,
            "tx_hash": "2bfbccb918ee5f050808dd040ce03943b7315b81788e9cdee59cf86b557ba48c",
            "tx_size": 19586000000000000,
            "tx_version": 2
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "limit": 25,
    "page": 0
  },
  "status": "success"
}
```

#### api/transactions?page=<page_no>&limit=<tx_per_page>


```bash
curl  -w "\n" -X GET "http://139.162.32.245:8081/api/transactions?page=2&limit=10"
```

Result analogical to the one above.

#### api/block/<block_number|block_hash>


```bash
curl  -w "\n" -X GET "http://139.162.32.245:8081/api/block/1293257"
```

Partial results shown:

```json
{
  "data": {
    "block_height": 1293257,
    "block_reward": 0,
    "current_height": 1293264,
    "hash": "9ef6bb8f9b8bd253fc6390e5c2cdc45c8ee99fad16447437108bf301fe6bd6e1",
    "size": 141244,
    "timestamp": 1492761974,
    "timestamp_utc": "2017-04-21 08:06:14",
    "txs": [
      {
        "coinbase": true,
        "extra": "018ae9560eb85d5ebd22d3beaed55c21d469eab430c5e3cac61b3fe2f5ad156770020800000001a9030800",
        "mixin": 0,
        "payment_id": "",
        "payment_id8": "",
        "rct_type": 0,
        "tx_fee": 0,
        "tx_hash": "3ff71b65bec34c9261e01a856e6a03594cf0472acf6b77db3f17ebd18eaa30bf",
        "tx_size": 95,
        "tx_version": 2,
        "xmr_inputs": 0,
        "xmr_outputs": 8025365394426
      }
    ]
  },
  "status": "success"
}
```

#### api/mempool

Return all txs in the mempool.

```bash
curl  -w "\n" -X GET "http://139.162.32.245:8081/api/mempool"
```

Partial results shown:

```json
{
  "data": {
    "limit": 100000000,
    "page": 0,
    "total_page_no": 0,
    "txs": [
      {
        "coinbase": false,
        "extra": "022100325f677d96f94155a4840a84d8e0c905f7a4697a25744633bcb438feb1e51fb2012eda81bf552c53c2168f4130dbe0265c3a7898f3a7eee7c1fed955a778167b5d",
        "mixin": 3,
        "payment_id": "325f677d96f94155a4840a84d8e0c905f7a4697a25744633bcb438feb1e51fb2",
        "payment_id8": "",
        "rct_type": 2,
        "timestamp": 1494470894,
        "timestamp_utc": "2017-05-11 02:48:14",
        "tx_fee": 15894840000,
        "tx_hash": "9f3374f8ac67febaab153eab297937a3d0d2c706601e496bf5028146da0c9aef",
        "tx_size": 13291,
        "tx_version": 2,
        "xmr_inputs": 0,
        "xmr_outputs": 0
      }
    ],
    "txs_no": 7
  },
  "status": "success"
}
```

Limit of 100000000 is just default value above to ensure that all mempool txs are fetched
if no specific limit given.

#### api/mempool?limit=<no_of_top_txs>

Return number of newest mempool txs, e.g., only 10.

```bash
curl  -w "\n" -X GET "http://139.162.32.245:8081/api/mempool?limit=10"
```

Result analogical to the one above.

#### api/search/<block_number|tx_hash|block_hash>

```bash
curl  -w "\n" -X GET "http://139.162.32.245:8081/api/search/1293669"
```

Partial results shown:

```json
{
  "data": {
    "block_height": 1293669,
    "current_height": 1293670,
    "hash": "5d55b8fabf85b0b4c959d66ad509eb92ddfe5c2b0e84e1760abcb090195c1913",
    "size": 118026,
    "timestamp": 1492815321,
    "timestamp_utc": "2017-04-21 22:55:21",
    "title": "block",
    "txs": [
      {
        "coinbase": true,
        "extra": "01cb7fda09033a5fa06dc601b9295ef3790397cf3c645e958e34cf7ab699d2f5230208000000027f030200",
        "mixin": 0,
        "payment_id": "",
        "payment_id8": "",
        "rct_type": 0,
        "tx_fee": 0,
        "tx_hash": "479ba432f5c88736b438dd4446a11a13046a752d469f7828151f5c5b86be4e9a",
        "tx_size": 95,
        "tx_version": 2,
        "xmr_inputs": 0,
        "xmr_outputs": 7992697599717
      }
    ]
  },
  "status": "success"
}
```


#### api/outputs?txhash=<tx_hash>&address=<address>&viewkey=<viewkey>&txprove=<0|1>

For `txprove=0` we check which outputs belong to given address and corresponding viewkey.
For `txprove=1` we use to prove to the recipient that we sent them founds.
For this, we use recipient's address and our tx private key as a viewkey value,
 i.e., `viewkey=<tx_private_key>` 

Checking outputs:

```bash
# we use here official Monero project's donation address as an example
curl  -w "\n" -X GET "http://139.162.32.245:8081/api/outputs?txhash=17049bc5f2d9fbca1ce8dae443bbbbed2fc02f1ee003ffdd0571996905faa831&address=44AFFq5kSiGBoZ4NMDwYtN18obc8AemS33DBLWs3H7otXft3XjrpDtQGv7SqSsaBYBb98uNbr2VBBEt7f2wfn3RVGQBEP3A&viewkey=f359631075708155cc3d92a32b75a7d02a5dcf27756707b47a2b31b21c389501&txprove=0"
```

```json
{
  "data": {
    "address": "42f18fc61586554095b0799b5c4b6f00cdeb26a93b20540d366932c6001617b75db35109fbba7d5f275fef4b9c49e0cc1c84b219ec6ff652fda54f89f7f63c88",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "amount": 34980000000000,
        "match": true,
        "output_idx": 0,
        "output_pubkey": "35d7200229e725c2bce0da3a2f20ef0720d242ecf88bfcb71eff2025c2501fdb"
      },
      {
        "amount": 0,
        "match": false,
        "output_idx": 1,
        "output_pubkey": "44efccab9f9b42e83c12da7988785d6c4eb3ec6e7aa2ae1234e2f0f7cb9ed6dd"
      }
    ],
    "tx_hash": "17049bc5f2d9fbca1ce8dae443bbbbed2fc02f1ee003ffdd0571996905faa831",
    "tx_prove": false,
    "viewkey": "f359631075708155cc3d92a32b75a7d02a5dcf27756707b47a2b31b21c389501"
  },
  "status": "success"
}
```

Proving transfer:

We use recipient's address (i.e. not our address from which we sent xmr to recipient).
For the viewkey, we use `tx_private_key` (although the GET variable is still called `viewkey`) that we obtained by sending this txs. 

```bash
# this is for testnet transaction 
curl  -w "\n" -X GET "http://139.162.32.245:8082/api/outputs?txhash=94782a8c0aa8d8768afa0c040ef0544b63eb5148ca971a024ac402cad313d3b3&address=9wUf8UcPUtb2huK7RphBw5PFCyKosKxqtGxbcKBDnzTCPrdNfJjLjtuht87zhTgsffCB21qmjxjj18Pw7cBnRctcKHrUB7N&viewkey=e94b5bfc599d2f741d6f07e3ab2a83f915e96fb374dfb2cd3dbe730e34ecb40b&txprove=1"
```

```json
{
  "data": {
    "address": "71bef5945b70bc0a31dbbe6cd0bd5884fe694bbfd18fff5f68f709438554fb88a51b1291e378e2f46a0155108782c242cc1be78af229242c36d4f4d1c4f72da2",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "amount": 1000000000000,
        "match": true,
        "output_idx": 0,
        "output_pubkey": "c1bf4dd020b5f0ab70bd672d2f9e800ea7b8ab108b080825c1d6cfc0b7f7ee00"
      },
      {
        "amount": 0,
        "match": false,
        "output_idx": 1,
        "output_pubkey": "8c61fae6ada2a103565dfdd307c7145b2479ddb1dab1eaadfa6c34db65d189d5"
      }
    ],
    "tx_hash": "94782a8c0aa8d8768afa0c040ef0544b63eb5148ca971a024ac402cad313d3b3",
    "tx_prove": true,
    "viewkey": "e94b5bfc599d2f741d6f07e3ab2a83f915e96fb374dfb2cd3dbe730e34ecb40b"
  },
  "status": "success"
}
```


Result analogical to the one above.

#### api/networkinfo

```bash
curl  -w "\n" -X GET "http://139.162.32.245:8081/api/networkinfo"
```

```json
{
  "data": {
    "alt_blocks_count": 0,
    "block_size_limit": 600000,
    "cumulative_difficulty": 2091549555696348,
    "difficulty": 7941560081,
    "fee_per_kb": 303970000,
    "grey_peerlist_size": 4991,
    "hash_rate": 66179667,
    "height": 1310423,
    "incoming_connections_count": 0,
    "outgoing_connections_count": 5,
    "start_time": 1494822692,
    "status": "OK",
    "target": 120,
    "target_height": 0,
    "testnet": false,
    "top_block_hash": "76f9e85d62415312758bc09e0b9b48fd2b005231ad1eee435a8081e551203f82",
    "tx_count": 1219048,
    "tx_pool_size": 2,
    "white_peerlist_size": 1000
  },
  "status": "success"
}
```

#### api/emission

```bash
curl  -w "\n" -X GET "http://139.162.32.245:8081/api/emission"
```

```json
{
  "data": {
    "blk_no": 1313969,
    "coinbase": 14489473877253413000,
    "fee": 52601974988641130
  },
  "status": "success"
}
```

Emission only works when the emission monitoring thread is enabled.


#### api/rawblock/<block_number|block_hash>

Return raw json block data, as represented in Monero.

```bash
curl  -w "\n" -X GET "http://139.162.32.245:8081/api/rawblock/1293257"
```

Example result not shown.

#### api/rawtransaction/<tx_hash>

Return raw json tx data, as represented in Monero.

```bash
curl  -w "\n" -X GET "http://139.162.32.245:8081/api/rawtransaction/6093260dbe79fd6277694d14789dc8718f1bd54457df8bab338c2efa3bb0f03d"
```

Example result not shown.

## Other monero examples

Other examples can be found on  [github](https://github.com/moneroexamples?tab=repositories).
Please know that some of the examples/repositories are not
finished and may not work as intended.

## How can you help?

Constructive criticism, code and website edits are always good. They can be made through github.