RandomX is intended to be run efficiently on a general-purpose CPU. The virtual machine (VM) which runs RandomX code attempts to simulate a generic CPU using the following set of components:
RandomX uses a 4 GiB read-only dataset. The dataset is constructed using a combination of the [Argon2d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon2) hashing function, [AES](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard) encryption/decryption and a random permutation. The dataset is regenerated every ~34 hours.
RandomX uses a simple low-level language (instruction set), which was designed so that any random bitstring forms a valid program. Each RandomX instruction has a length of 128 bits.
The hash of the block header is used for the first VM initialization. The program initialization and execution are chained multiple times to prevent mining strategies that search for programs with particular properties (for example, without division).
