From 00bade7489dce39123b989bb2c2fa6113b60f3e0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: buzz-lightsnack-2007 <73412182+buzz-lightsnack-2007@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 7 Dec 2024 23:44:16 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] remove: original notebook The notebook's functionality was split to the various files. --- main.ipynb | 1388 ---------------------------------------------------- 1 file changed, 1388 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 main.ipynb diff --git a/main.ipynb b/main.ipynb deleted file mode 100644 index 3da0f19..0000000 --- a/main.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1388 +0,0 @@ -{ - "cells": [ - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "# An Evaluation on the Effectiveness of Large Language Models in Self-Detection" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Dependencies" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "This section is where the dependencies required for all tests will be installed. For all or most tests, the following are needed: \n", - "- gpt4all\n", - "- kaggle\n", - "- kagglehub\n", - "- pandas\n", - "- ollama" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 3, - "metadata": { - "vscode": { - "languageId": "shellscript" - } - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable\n", - "Requirement already satisfied: pip in /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from -r dependencies.txt (line 1)) (21.2.4)\n", - "Collecting pip\n", - " Downloading pip-24.2-py3-none-any.whl (1.8 MB)\n", - "Collecting kaggle\n", - " Using cached kaggle-1.6.17.tar.gz (82 kB)\n", - "Collecting kagglehub\n", - " Downloading kagglehub-0.2.9-py3-none-any.whl (39 kB)\n", - "Collecting ollama\n", - " Downloading ollama-0.3.2-py3-none-any.whl (10 kB)\n", - "Collecting pandas\n", - " Downloading pandas-2.2.2-cp39-cp39-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl (11.3 MB)\n", - "Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.10 in /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from kaggle->-r dependencies.txt (line 2)) (1.15.0)\n", - "Collecting certifi>=2023.7.22\n", - " Downloading certifi-2024.8.30-py3-none-any.whl (167 kB)\n", - "Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil in /Users/hksaw/Library/Python/3.9/lib/python/site-packages (from kaggle->-r dependencies.txt (line 2)) (2.9.0.post0)\n", - "Collecting requests\n", - " Downloading requests-2.32.3-py3-none-any.whl (64 kB)\n", - "Collecting tqdm\n", - " Downloading tqdm-4.66.5-py3-none-any.whl (78 kB)\n", - "Collecting python-slugify\n", - " Downloading python_slugify-8.0.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (10 kB)\n", - "Collecting urllib3\n", - " Downloading urllib3-2.2.2-py3-none-any.whl (121 kB)\n", - "Collecting bleach\n", - " Downloading bleach-6.1.0-py3-none-any.whl (162 kB)\n", - "Requirement already satisfied: packaging in /Users/hksaw/Library/Python/3.9/lib/python/site-packages (from kagglehub->-r dependencies.txt (line 3)) (24.1)\n", - "Collecting httpx<0.28.0,>=0.27.0\n", - " Downloading httpx-0.27.2-py3-none-any.whl (76 kB)\n", - "Collecting pytz>=2020.1\n", - " Downloading pytz-2024.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (505 kB)\n", - "Collecting tzdata>=2022.7\n", - " Downloading tzdata-2024.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (345 kB)\n", - "Collecting numpy>=1.22.4\n", - " Downloading numpy-2.0.2-cp39-cp39-macosx_14_0_arm64.whl (5.3 MB)\n", - "Collecting idna\n", - " Downloading idna-3.8-py3-none-any.whl (66 kB)\n", - "Collecting httpcore==1.*\n", - " Downloading httpcore-1.0.5-py3-none-any.whl (77 kB)\n", - "Collecting anyio\n", - " Downloading anyio-4.4.0-py3-none-any.whl (86 kB)\n", - "Collecting sniffio\n", - " Downloading sniffio-1.3.1-py3-none-any.whl (10 kB)\n", - "Collecting h11<0.15,>=0.13\n", - " Downloading h11-0.14.0-py3-none-any.whl (58 kB)\n", - "Requirement already satisfied: exceptiongroup>=1.0.2 in /Users/hksaw/Library/Python/3.9/lib/python/site-packages (from anyio->httpx<0.28.0,>=0.27.0->ollama->-r dependencies.txt (line 4)) (1.2.2)\n", - "Requirement already satisfied: typing-extensions>=4.1 in /Users/hksaw/Library/Python/3.9/lib/python/site-packages (from anyio->httpx<0.28.0,>=0.27.0->ollama->-r dependencies.txt (line 4)) (4.12.2)\n", - "Collecting webencodings\n", - " Using cached webencodings-0.5.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (11 kB)\n", - "Collecting text-unidecode>=1.3\n", - " Downloading text_unidecode-1.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (78 kB)\n", - "Collecting charset-normalizer<4,>=2\n", - " Downloading charset_normalizer-3.3.2-cp39-cp39-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl (120 kB)\n", - "Building wheels for collected packages: kaggle\n", - " Building wheel for kaggle (setup.py): started\n", - " Building wheel for kaggle (setup.py): finished with status 'done'\n", - " Created wheel for kaggle: filename=kaggle-1.6.17-py3-none-any.whl size=105803 sha256=4d684a50aa61818e9ebe90f1a1829c75535907564036a02859e469979c435c74\n", - " Stored in directory: /Users/hksaw/Library/Caches/pip/wheels/2b/af/a9/70bffa2773af622d2ebea9c8d407720b86e67bd40c465bf837\n", - "Successfully built kaggle\n", - "Installing collected packages: sniffio, idna, h11, certifi, webencodings, urllib3, text-unidecode, httpcore, charset-normalizer, anyio, tzdata, tqdm, requests, pytz, python-slugify, numpy, httpx, bleach, pip, pandas, ollama, kagglehub, kaggle\n", - "Successfully installed anyio-4.4.0 bleach-6.1.0 certifi-2024.8.30 charset-normalizer-3.3.2 h11-0.14.0 httpcore-1.0.5 httpx-0.27.2 idna-3.8 kaggle-1.6.17 kagglehub-0.2.9 numpy-2.0.2 ollama-0.3.2 pandas-2.2.2 pip-24.2 python-slugify-8.0.4 pytz-2024.1 requests-2.32.3 sniffio-1.3.1 text-unidecode-1.3 tqdm-4.66.5 tzdata-2024.1 urllib3-2.2.2 webencodings-0.5.1\n" - ] - }, - { - "name": "stderr", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "WARNING: You are using pip version 21.2.4; however, version 24.2 is available.\n", - "You should consider upgrading via the '/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.\n", - "You should consider upgrading via the '/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "%%bash\n", - "pip3 install --upgrade -r dependencies.txt" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Here are all dependencies. Note that ollama has a counterpart for the terminal. " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 6, - "metadata": { - "vscode": { - "languageId": "shellscript" - } - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stderr", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Warning: Treating ollama as a formula. For the cask, use homebrew/cask/ollama or specify the `--cask` flag.\n", - "Warning: ollama 0.3.8 is already installed and up-to-date.\n", - "To reinstall 0.3.8, run:\n", - " brew reinstall ollama\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "%%bash\n", - "brew install ollama" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 44, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "import json, os, pandas\n", - "from IPython.display import display, HTML, Markdown\n", - "from collections import Counter" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "# Data Fetch and Preview" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "For this study, the dataset from [Thite (2023)](https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/sunilthite/llm-detect-ai-generated-text-dataset) will be employed due to its sufficient size and technical limitations. " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "The code block below imports all the modules needed for this section. " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 7, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stderr", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "/Users/hksaw/Library/Python/3.9/lib/python/site-packages/urllib3/__init__.py:35: NotOpenSSLWarning: urllib3 v2 only supports OpenSSL 1.1.1+, currently the 'ssl' module is compiled with 'LibreSSL 2.8.3'. See: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3020\n", - " warnings.warn(\n", - "/Users/hksaw/Library/Python/3.9/lib/python/site-packages/tqdm/auto.py:21: TqdmWarning: IProgress not found. Please update jupyter and ipywidgets. See https://ipywidgets.readthedocs.io/en/stable/user_install.html\n", - " from .autonotebook import tqdm as notebook_tqdm\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "import kagglehub" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "The code below sets up a reference to the files. " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 8, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "FILES = {\"datasets\": {}, \"models\": {}};" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 9, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Attempting to download Training_Essay_Data.csv from dataset sunilthite/llm-detect-ai-generated-text-dataset/versions/1\n", - "Downloading from https://www.kaggle.com/api/v1/datasets/download/sunilthite/llm-detect-ai-generated-text-dataset?dataset_version_number=1...\n" - ] - }, - { - "name": "stderr", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "100%|██████████| 18.6M/18.6M [00:02<00:00, 6.55MB/s]" - ] - }, - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Extracting model files...\n" - ] - }, - { - "name": "stderr", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "\n" - ] - }, - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Finished downloading Training_Essay_Data.csv from dataset sunilthite/llm-detect-ai-generated-text-dataset/versions/1\n", - "The file Training_Essay_Data.csv from dataset sunilthite/llm-detect-ai-generated-text-dataset/versions/1 has been linked.\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "def download_datasets(): \n", - " # Read the dataset listings. \n", - " SOURCES = json.load(open(\"data/sources.json\"));\n", - "\n", - " # Loop through each dataset target.\n", - " for TARGET in SOURCES.keys(): \n", - " print((\"Attempting to download \" + TARGET + \" from dataset \" + SOURCES[TARGET]));\n", - " \n", - " # Set the location of the Kaggle dataset. \n", - " kagglehub.dataset_download(SOURCES[TARGET]);\n", - " \n", - " # Do not continue when an error has occured. \n", - " print((\"Finished downloading \" + TARGET + \" from dataset \" + SOURCES[TARGET]));\n", - "\n", - " # Link each file.\n", - " if (not(os.path.isfile((\"data/\" + TARGET))) and os.system((\"ln -s ~/.cache/kagglehub/datasets/\" + SOURCES[TARGET] + \"/\" + TARGET + \" data/\" + TARGET))): \n", - " print((\"We weren’t able to link the file \" + TARGET + \" from dataset \" + SOURCES[TARGET] + \". Please perform this manually.\"));\n", - " else: \n", - " print((\"The file \" + TARGET + \" from dataset \" + SOURCES[TARGET] + \" has been linked.\"));\n", - " FILES[\"datasets\"][TARGET] = open(\"data/\" + TARGET)\n", - "\n", - "download_datasets();" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Below, the CSV files are converted into dataframes. " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 10, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "DATAFRAMES = {};\n", - "\n", - "def convert_datasets(): \n", - " if len(FILES[\"datasets\"].keys()): \n", - " for DATASET_NAME in FILES[\"datasets\"].keys(): \n", - " DATAFRAMES[DATASET_NAME] = pandas.read_csv(FILES[\"datasets\"][DATASET_NAME])\n", - "\n", - "def merge_datasets(): \n", - " DATAFRAMES_ALL = [];\n", - "\n", - " if (len(DATAFRAMES.keys())): \n", - " for DATASET_NAME in DATAFRAMES.keys(): \n", - " DATAFRAMES_ALL.append(DATAFRAMES[DATASET_NAME]);\n", - " DATAFRAMES[\"all\"] = pandas.concat(DATAFRAMES_ALL); \n", - "\n", - " return (DATAFRAMES_ALL);\n", - "\n", - "convert_datasets();\n", - "merge_datasets();" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "The datasets could be previewed below. Note that in the \"generated\" field, `0` indicates a human-written text, whereas `1` means generated by large language models. 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0Car-free cities have become a subject of incre...1
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.........
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29141Limiting car usage has many advantages. Such a...0
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" - ], - "text/plain": [ - " text generated\n", - "0 Car-free cities have become a subject of incre... 1\n", - "1 Car Free Cities Car-free cities, a concept ga... 1\n", - "2 A Sustainable Urban Future Car-free cities ... 1\n", - "3 Pioneering Sustainable Urban Living In an e... 1\n", - "4 The Path to Sustainable Urban Living In an ... 1\n", - "... ... ...\n", - "29140 There has been a fuss about the Elector Colleg... 0\n", - "29141 Limiting car usage has many advantages. Such a... 0\n", - "29142 There's a new trend that has been developing f... 0\n", - "29143 As we all know cars are a big part of our soci... 0\n", - "29144 Cars have been around since the 1800's and hav... 0\n", - "\n", - "[29145 rows x 2 columns]" - ] - }, - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data" - } - ], - "source": [ - "display(DATAFRAMES[\"all\"]);" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Data Classifcation" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "With the dataset presented above, it will be further segregated to distinguish the two voices and to generate the testing and training data. " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 12, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "STRINGS = {};\n", - "\n", - "def datasets_segregate_type(): \n", - " for GENERATION_TYPE_INDEX in range(2): \n", - " # DATASET_FILTERED = DATAFRAMES[\"all\"][(DATAFRAMES[\"all\"] == GENERATION_TYPE_INDEX or DATAFRAMES[\"all\"] == str(GENERATION_TYPE_INDEX)).any(axis=1)];\n", - " \n", - " DATASET_FILTERED = DATAFRAMES[\"all\"][(DATAFRAMES[\"all\"].generated == GENERATION_TYPE_INDEX) | (DATAFRAMES[\"all\"].generated == str(GENERATION_TYPE_INDEX))];\n", - "\n", - " GENERATION_TYPE = \"\";\n", - " if (GENERATION_TYPE_INDEX == 1): \n", - " GENERATION_TYPE = \"AI\"\n", - " else: \n", - " GENERATION_TYPE = \"human\"\n", - "\n", - " DATASET_FILTERED_LIST = DATASET_FILTERED['text'].tolist();\n", - " STRINGS[GENERATION_TYPE] = {};\n", - " STRINGS[GENERATION_TYPE][\"training\"] = DATASET_FILTERED_LIST[0:5];\n", - " STRINGS[GENERATION_TYPE][\"testing\"] = DATASET_FILTERED_LIST[50:120];\n", - "\n", - " return (STRINGS);\n", - "\n", - "datasets_segregate_type();" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 13, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "human\n", - "\ttraining:\n", - "\t\tCars. Cars have been around since they became famous in the 1900s, when Henry Ford created and built the first ModelT. Cars have played a major role in our every day lives since then. But now, people are starting to question if limiting car usage would be a good thing. To me, limiting the use of cars might be a good thing to do.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tIn like matter of this, article, \"In German Suburb, Life Goes On Without Cars,\" by Elizabeth Rosenthal states, how automobiles are the linchpin of suburbs, where middle class families from either Shanghai or Chicago tend to make their homes. Experts say how this is a huge impediment to current efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from tailpipe. Passenger cars are responsible for 12 percent of greenhouse gas emissions in Europe...and up to 50 percent in some carintensive areas in the United States. Cars are the main reason for the greenhouse gas emissions because of a lot of people driving them around all the time getting where they need to go. Article, \"Paris bans driving due to smog,\" by Robert Duffer says, how Paris, after days of nearrecord pollution, enforced a partial driving ban to clear the air of the global city. It also says, how on Monday, motorist with evennumbered license plates were ordered to leave their cars at home or be fined a 22euro fine 31. The same order would be applied to oddnumbered plates the following day. Cars are the reason for polluting entire cities like Paris. This shows how bad cars can be because, of all the pollution that they can cause to an entire city.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tLikewise, in the article, \"Carfree day is spinning into a big hit in Bogota,\" by Andrew Selsky says, how programs that's set to spread to other countries, millions of Columbians hiked, biked, skated, or took the bus to work during a carfree day, leaving streets of this capital city eerily devoid of traffic jams. It was the third straight year cars have been banned with only buses and taxis permitted for the Day Without Cars in the capital city of 7 million. People like the idea of having carfree days because, it allows them to lesson the pollution that cars put out of their exhaust from people driving all the time. The article also tells how parks and sports centers have bustled throughout the city uneven, pitted sidewalks have been replaced by broad, smooth sidewalks rushhour restrictions have dramatically cut traffic and new restaurants and upscale shopping districts have cropped up. Having no cars has been good for the country of Columbia because, it has aloud them to repair things that have needed repairs for a long time, traffic jams have gone down, and restaurants and shopping districts have popped up, all due to the fact of having less cars around.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tIn conclusion, the use of less cars and having carfree days, have had a big impact on the environment of cities because, it is cutting down the air pollution that the cars have majorly polluted, it has aloud countries like Columbia to repair sidewalks, and cut down traffic jams. Limiting the use of cars would be a good thing for America. So we should limit the use of cars by maybe riding a bike, or maybe walking somewhere that isn't that far from you and doesn't need the use of a car to get you there. To me, limiting the use of cars might be a good thing to do.\n", - "\t\tTransportation is a large necessity in most countries worldwide. With no doubt, cars, buses, and other means of transportation make going from place to place easier and faster. However there's always a negative pollution. Although mobile transportation are a huge part of daily lives, we are endangering the Earth with harmful greenhouse gases, which could be suppressed.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tA small suburb community in Germany called Vauban, has started a \"carfree\" lifestyle. In this city, markets and stores are placed nearby homes, instead of being located by farend highways. Although Vauban is not completely carfree, 70% of Vauban families do not own cars Even a large 57% of families stated to have sold their cars to move to Vauban. Some families have even said to be less stressed depending on car transportation. Cars are responsible for about 12% of greenhouse gases, and can even be up to 50% in some carintensive areas in the United States.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tAnother insight to reduced car zones brings Paris' incident with smog. Paris' officials created a system that would in fact lower smog rates. On Monday, the motorists with evennumbered license plates numbers would be ordered to leave their cars at home, or they would suffer a fine. Same rule would occur on Tuesday, except motorists with oddnumbered license plates were targeted with fines. Congestion, or traffic, was reduced by 60% after five days of intense smog. Diesel fuel played a huge part in this pollution, having the fact that 67% of vehicles in France are of Diesel fuel. The impact of the clearing of smog, resided in banning the Tuesday rule of odd license plates.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tCould you imagine a day without seeing a single car being used? This phenomenon occurs once a year in Bogota, Colombia. With the exception of buses and taxis being used, cars are to be left unattended for an entire day. Having a carfree day just once a year can even reduce the pollution slightly. The day without cars is part of a campaign that originated in Bogota in the mid 1990s. This campaign has renewed and constructed numerous bicycle paths and sidewalks all over the city. Parks and sports centers have also sprung from this campaign. Devoting your time to a carfree lifestyle has it's hassles, but in hindsight, it has it's benefits.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tTo conclude, living a carfree lifestyle does not seem like a possibility in this day and age, however managing the use of cars and pollution is something every country should take time investing in. Think about how much of an impact it would be if everywhere worldwide would take part in airpollution reduction. Mobile transportation is lifestyle in a sense, and being dependent on cars or other means of transportation can impact the health of the Earth and even ourselves.\n", - "\t\t\"America's love affair with it's vehicles seems to be cooling\" says Elisabeth rosenthal. To understand rosenthal's perspective, it is easier to suggest that America's car usage is decreasing slowly. This isn't necessarily bad in the sense that it has certain positive effects. The advantages of limiting car usage includes an increase in security and health, along with a decrease in pollution and dependence.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tFirstly, when car usage is limited security and health is more likely to be guaranteed. The feeling of being secure is highly important to individuals everywhere. For example, many people in colombia used public transportation during a car free day \"leaving the streets of this capital city \", according to Andrew Selsky, \"eerily devoid of traffic jams\". The complications that stem from traffic jams end with a feeling of confidence. The plan to get from point A to B was more simple just a second ago. This complication in your personal plans leads you to become stressed as a feeling of doubt overcomes all thoughts. If car usage was limited, there would be a control on how much traffic accumulates thus minimizing chance of stress. As Heidrun Walter states \"when i had a car i was always tense. I'm much happier this way\". not only does car usage minimize conditions detrimental to health, it also enlarges your capacity for exercise. The main purpose of the car is to get someone from one place to another. when an important job takes over your personal life, it becomes difficult to do things most enjoyed in life. limits on car usage forces you to stay in shape. According to Andrew Selsky \"parks and sports centers also have bloomed throughout the city\". Less cars means healthier and natural situations. With parks and sport centers becoming more efficient, it becomes easier to find a more physically active population. Overall, less usage on cars minimizes stress and increases health.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tSecondly, limting car usage becomes beneficial to the environment. Now a days people have become annoyed with others who care so passionately about the environment. If you look behind their constant cries for action, there are solid facts. Yespollution is bad for the environment. Yes a bad envorment means unhealthy living. Yes cars are one of the main contributors to pollution in the environment. A pattern of less car usage, as Elisabeth Rosenthal states \"will have beneficial implications for carbon emissions and the environment\". The less use of cars, the less pollution in the environment. One must observe limiting car usage as an opportunity to create a cleaner world and better future. The effects of pollution in the environment is completley dangerous and we, the car users, are to blame.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tAdditionally, it would lower the dependence on cars. Many people today find that their car is so useful. While it has many features and is a form of transportation, many do not figure what they would do if they did not have such a possesion. The development of people and their interaction with technology has left a wide gap between historic, natural ways and what is thought of as modern society. Being dependent is not always good for individuals. As david goldberg says \"all our development since world war II has been centered on the car, and that will have to change\". Many people could disagree and wonder why it is necessary to change our ways especially if we are so highly devloped. If being developed means being dependent on a harmful machine, then it could not be effective devlopment. According to Elisabeth Rosenthal \"cashstrapped americans could not afford new cars, and the unemployed were't going to work anyway\". Many people can't have the precious luxury of private transportation in the first place. Those who have had it have become distant to a more natural society. Peope have become so use to having cars that they have become oblivious to the significant effects. With limits on car usage , these effcts could be controlled.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tTo conclude, the advantages of limiting car usage is an increase in health, along with a decrease in pollution, and less dependence on cars. limiting car usage is a positive way to enfore an organized and clean environment, and ensure health and security of those who live in it. This is one reason America can be reffered to as a succesful country. It is not that America has decreased use of vehicles, but the fact that they have done what is best for majority.\n", - "\ttesting:\n", - "\t\tSince remotely times, the manhad look for some way to make his life easier, since primitive hunting weapons, to carriages. The carriages were pulled by horses mostly, and on those times, the most that those animals could do for contamination was pooping but the owners had people to clean for it as well assomeone who took care of it. While the times had change, the transportation media has too as well with the cars which it actually result to be a doble sided bladecontaminating with smog.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tIn Paris the government has banned driving due to smog, the smog has caused a huge impact on this city, giving to it cooler nights and warmer days, many habitats blame Diesel fuel, but it does not matter which fuel you would use, it would burn and produce smog anyways. On the other hand,Vauban, Germany, is offering a new life style that many people has decided to adopt the suburbian community has no cars at the streets, people there does not own a carbecause they do not need it, the public transportation works very well, so it is not a primary need. They can live perfectlywithout cars, then they are not that necessary. Many people even sell their cars in order to move to Vauban, and had said that their lifes are so much less stressful than when they did own a car. Mothers can let their childrens to play in the streets without thinking that a car is going to kill them, and kids can let go technology if their moms want them to play outside most of the kids are so attached to technology because it is a way that parents have to keep them away from the streets. Maybe these changes like in Germany were too radicals, but it can start by a day a year like in Bogot, Colombia where once a year people take a carfree day, being buses and taxis the only ones allowed to produce smog, the violators are charged with 25 dollars fines. Even in the U.S., from 2003 to 2009 young people driving decreased a 23%, young people are considered the most dangerous driving people. There is so much for young people to do that they are not focused on driving, this could be the beginning of a new era, in April 2013 the number of miles per person was equal that in 1995 where the cars where less than right now. There it is even a program in New York promoting carpooling!\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tBut for example, here in Florida the public transportation is not that good, you actually need a car that drives you to the bus station and then take the bus a bus that will let you on a train station, that train station will offer you a ride of an hour to another bus that takes about half an hour to get to your job if you live in Homestead and work in Miami. That is about three hours just arriving to your job, every day for five days in a row that is about thirty hours a week, just to get to your job! But if you have a car, those three hours now are one hour, which seems reasonable and it is still a lot!. If someone lives at Homestead and needs to do something which is generally at downtown Miami or Doral you would have to dedicate a whole day just doing it, if you are going in car because the distance between cities are ridiculous, can you imagine if not having it? For doing something you would have to take two days and do it by parts or wake up at the very morning when it is still dark so you can complete everything by the afternoon. So defenetly the car is a primary need.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tAnalyzing the life style that people at Vauban have, they are less stressed thanthe average personwhoowns a carpeople starts to be more social with their neighbors because they have to walk everywhere and the faces are the same, so they actually get to know each other. They also got the benefit of a cleaner enviroment because they do not have the daily doses of smog that someone living in a city would have cars cause the 12% of the contamination in Europe and more than a 50% in the United States. That is a problem that Paris maybe would not be facing right now if they had payed attention to contamination levels.Since World War II, science has been centered on developing new and better cars can you imagine what would we have right now if some other would center the science in medicicne or something else?. In the United States an 80% of the budget goes to highways while just a 20% goes to public transportation. But, how can people in Bogot or Vauben survive without cars? The distance between the comercial and suburban areas are close enough so a bus could take you there just one bus. Defenetly, making the change would be hard due to our attachment to our cars, but little by little we can change or life style.\n", - "\t\tDear fellow citizens of America it has come to my attention that pollution in the United States is getting worse so I have a solution use cars less. It is simple, this will help cut pollution in the U.S as the second biggest polluting factor is gone and can actually help you with a better social life as well as helping rebuild the community.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tAs mentioned earlier,cars are the second leading cause of pollution in the U.S and cutting that will help stop some pollution by stopping one of the biggest causes. Stopping the use of cars will cut the carbon in the air and this in turn can lead to a healthier lifestyle as well. There are many neighborhoods that are carless and we have received good results from said neighborhoods as well as car free day is becoming a hit in Columbia as well as other parts in central America. This will also make smog a less likely occurrence as no car fumes are getting trapped therefore, cleaner, unpolluted air. This will help prevent the same pollution levels like in Paris pop up here.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tA life without cars can also positively affect the social lives of many people. As people are more likely to just walk and talk with friends or just walk or bike to the park. people in carless community like Vauban have even said they feel less stress now that they don't have cars. Young Americans have even started losing interests in cars and would rather take public transport or carpool with friends then just take their own car. And as a result are tighter with their friends and family then before.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tPeople who use cars for transport are less likely to use the sidewalk or ride their bike and as a result sidewalks and bike paths are uneven and ragged. Therefore without cars, things like disrepair sidewalks or roads would come to our attention. For example Car Free Day in Columbia led to the repair of sidewalks and 118 miles of bike roads and more sport centers parks and shopping districts have started to pop up. Getting rid of cars can help us rebuild the community with more parks and public centers and hangouts. This will also lead to better security as less people will get hit by cars, less car accidents and overall better security.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tIn conclusion my fellow citizens, please consider makeing this community carless. for their are many advantages for doing so in this community from the enviromental, to the social and to the health benefits.\n", - "\t\tReducing the usage of cars in today's world could be extremely beneficial. Sure, it is also a hastle having to reroute your commute and also making the time to get there, but the myriad advantages to the reduction of car usage is astonishing. Reducing our usage of cars will reduce the smog in cities, such as Los Angeles, Beijing, and Paris, reduce the stress of many drivers, and also save people money. Now who doesn't love money?\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tSmogpollution is growing daily in dense, polluted areas. Looking outside of LA, you can see the dirty, polluted air surrounding the city, as well as the toxic blanket the covers Beijing. One of the main sources contributing to this is cars. Greenhouse gases are emitted from tailpipe and go straight into the atmosphere. In Europe, exhaust makes up fifteen percent of greenhouse gas emission, and accounts for fifty percent in the United States, FIFTY PERCENT. That's half of the pollution in our country, and an easy solution is to limit car usage. If your car usage is not limitable, perhaps switching to a hybrid car such as a Toyota Prius will make you feel good about contributing to the cause. Some areas, like Bogota, Colombia, participate in a Carfree Day. This day is widely celebrated in the area and is infectious spreading to nearby areas and potentially the world soon enough. This day allows for smog reduction. Cities such as Paris, however, have to ban car usage sometimes because their smog is so bad. During this ban, hybrid cars and carpooling is allowed. This shows the extreme measures necessary to reduce the smog in populated areas.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tAs most people know, driving is stressful and is perhaps a top contributor of stress in America. In populated areas, rushhour traffic is annoying and causes many people to change their schedules. When driving during rushhour, you are in constant fear of potentially being cutoff and your risk of being in an accident heightens dramtically. With that being said, what if I told you there was a way to completely cut out this fear? Communities such as Vauban, Germany are helping alleviate stress by making carfree communities. Within these communities, cars are allowed to be owned, but you must park it in a parking garage at the end of the community and also buy a spot... for 40,000. Cars are used rarely, as restaurants, shops, and others are within walking distance of these communities. Cars are only used for longdistance travel and are permitted on highways and on the outer edges of the area. The stress is alleviated because you can walk outside, grab your mail, and listen to the birds if want, all without the worry of cars. You don't need to constant check your rearview mirrors if you're walking to your favorite restaurant. With the introduction of smartphones and the constantly growing usage rate of the internet, people don't need cars to communicate anymore. They can simply go on Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, Instagram, etc. to communicate.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tFinally, the reduction of car usage allows for people to save money, and a significant amount too. If you live in a neighborhood such as Vauban, there may be no need for a car at all. In today's world, a good car costs somewhere are 3040 thousand dollars. Imagine what you could do with that much money. You could get a nice house, or travel to your favorite destination, or anything really. You could send your kid to a nice college! And the drawbacks are small, because everything is within a twenty minute walk. That sounds pretty nice to me.\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "AI\n", - "\ttraining:\n", - "\t\tCar-free cities have become a subject of increasing interest and debate in recent years, as urban areas around the world grapple with the challenges of congestion, pollution, and limited resources. The concept of a car-free city involves creating urban environments where private automobiles are either significantly restricted or completely banned, with a focus on alternative transportation methods and sustainable urban planning. This essay explores the benefits, challenges, and potential solutions associated with the idea of car-free cities. Benefits of Car-Free Cities Environmental Sustainability: Car-free cities promote environmental sustainability by reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Fewer cars on the road mean cleaner air and a significant decrease in the contribution to global warming. Improved Public Health: A reduction in automobile usage can lead to better public health outcomes. Fewer cars on the road result in fewer accidents and a safer urban environment for pedestrians and cyclists. Moreover, less air pollution can lead to reduced respiratory and cardiovascular problems. Efficient Use of Space: Car-free cities utilize urban space more efficiently. Parking lots and wide roads can be repurposed for green spaces, parks, and pedestrian zones, enhancing the overall quality of life in the city. Reduced Traffic Congestion: By eliminating or restricting car usage, traffic congestion is significantly reduced, leading to faster commute times and less frustration for residents and commuters. Cost Savings: Car ownership and maintenance can be expensive. Car-free cities allow residents to save money on vehicles, fuel, and insurance, improving their overall financial well-being. Challenges of Car-Free Cities Resistance to Change: Transitioning to a car-free city can face resistance from citizens, especially those who rely heavily on their cars for daily activities and commutes. Public Transportation Infrastructure: An effective public transportation system is crucial for the success of car-free cities. Cities need to invest in and expand their public transportation networks to ensure that people have viable alternatives to cars. Economic Impact: Businesses that rely on car-dependent customers may experience a decline in revenue in a car-free city. It's essential to address this economic impact and find ways to support affected businesses during the transition. Urban Planning and Infrastructure: The redesign of urban areas for car-free living requires significant planning and investment in infrastructure, which can be a lengthy and complex process. Solutions for Car-Free Cities Expand Public Transportation: Invest in the expansion and improvement of public transportation systems to provide convenient and affordable alternatives to private cars. Promote Active Transportation: Encourage walking and cycling by building bike lanes, pedestrian-friendly streets, and ensuring safe infrastructure for these activities. Implement Carpooling and Ride-Sharing: Promote carpooling and ride-sharing services to reduce the number of private vehicles on the road. Adopt Electric and Sustainable Transportation: Encourage the use of electric vehicles and promote sustainability by using renewable energy sources to power transportation. Education and Public Awareness: Educate citizens about the benefits of a car-free city and involve them in the planning process to increase support and understanding. Conclusion Car-free cities represent a vision for a sustainable and healthier urban future. While the transition to a car-free city is not without challenges, the potential benefits in terms of environmental sustainability, public health, and efficient urban living make it a compelling goal. Through a combination of investment in public transportation, promotion of alternative transportation methods, and public engagement, cities can work towards a future where cars are no longer the dominant mode of transportation. Car-free cities offer a promising vision of a more sustainable and vibrant urban environment.\n", - "\t\tCar Free Cities Car-free cities, a concept gaining traction in contemporary urban planning, seek to transform the way we live, commute, and interact with our surroundings. These cities envision a future where private automobiles are either severely restricted or completely eliminated from urban landscapes, making room for alternative modes of transportation, green spaces, and sustainable living. In this essay, we will explore the various aspects of car-free cities, including their benefits, challenges, and potential solutions. The idea of car-free cities stems from a growing awareness of the negative consequences of car-centric urban planning. Congestion, air pollution, and the diminishing quality of life in crowded, noisy, and car-infested streets have prompted urban planners to seek alternatives. Car-free cities offer several advantages: Environmental Sustainability: By reducing the number of vehicles on the road, car-free cities significantly decrease air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. This step towards environmental sustainability helps combat climate change and fosters cleaner, healthier urban environments. Public Health: Fewer cars on the road mean fewer accidents and a safer environment for pedestrians and cyclists. Additionally, the reduction in air pollution results in improved respiratory and cardiovascular health for city dwellers. Efficient Space Utilization: Car-free cities optimize urban space usage. Parking lots and wide roads can be repurposed for parks, green spaces, and pedestrian zones, enhancing the overall quality of life. Reduced Traffic Congestion: Less reliance on private cars leads to reduced traffic congestion, shorter commute times, and less stress for residents and commuters. Cost Savings: Owning and maintaining a car can be expensive. Car-free cities allow residents to save money on vehicle purchase, fuel, and insurance, thereby improving their financial well-being. However, transitioning to car-free cities presents its own set of challenges: Resistance to Change: Many people heavily rely on their cars for daily activities and commutes. Transitioning to car-free living can face resistance from those who fear the loss of convenience and autonomy. Public Transportation Infrastructure: Effective public transportation systems are critical for the success of car-free cities. Investments and improvements in public transit are necessary to provide convenient alternatives to private cars. Economic Impact: Businesses that rely on car-dependent customers may experience declining revenue. Addressing this economic impact and supporting affected businesses during the transition is essential. Urban Planning and Infrastructure: Redesigning urban areas for car-free living demands comprehensive planning and substantial investment in infrastructure, which can be a complex and lengthy process. Solutions for the successful implementation of car-free cities include expanding public transportation, promoting active transportation, encouraging carpooling and ride-sharing, adopting electric and sustainable transportation, and focusing on public education and awareness. In conclusion, car-free cities represent a promising vision for a more sustainable and healthy urban future. While challenges exist, the potential benefits in terms of environmental sustainability, public health, efficient urban living, and cost savings make it a compelling goal. By investing in public transportation, promoting alternative transportation methods, and involving the public in the planning process, cities can work toward a future where cars are no longer the dominant mode of transportation. Car-free cities offer a promising vision of a more sustainable and vibrant urban environment.\n", - "\t\t A Sustainable Urban Future Car-free cities are emerging as a powerful response to the pressing challenges of urbanization. These cities aspire to create environments where private automobiles are either severely restricted or completely banned, emphasizing sustainable transportation alternatives, cleaner air, and vibrant urban living. This essay delves into the concept of car-free cities, exploring their potential benefits, challenges, and solutions. Car-free cities are gaining momentum as a solution to pressing urban challenges. These cities aim to create environments where private automobiles are either restricted or entirely eliminated in favor of sustainable transportation alternatives. This essay explores the concept of car-free cities, emphasizing their potential benefits, challenges, and solutions. Car-free cities represent a vision for urban living that emphasizes sustainability, health, and efficiency: Environmental Sustainability: A reduced reliance on cars leads to decreased air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. This shift towards environmental sustainability helps mitigate climate change and promotes cleaner, healthier cities. Public Health: Car-free cities create safer environments for pedestrians and cyclists. Reduced air pollution levels contribute to better respiratory and cardiovascular health, enhancing overall public well-being. Optimal Space Utilization: Car-free cities make efficient use of urban space. Parking lots and wide roads can be repurposed into green spaces, parks, and pedestrian zones, enhancing the quality of life. Traffic Congestion Reduction: Fewer private cars on the road result in less traffic congestion, shorter commutes, and lower stress levels for city residents and commuters. Economic Savings: Car ownership can be expensive, including vehicle purchase, fuel, and insurance. Car-free cities offer residents an opportunity to save money and improve their financial stability. Despite their potential, transitioning to car-free cities is not without its challenges: Resistance to Change: Many individuals rely heavily on cars for daily activities and commutes. The shift to car-free living can face resistance from those who fear inconvenience and a loss of personal autonomy. Public Transportation Infrastructure: A robust public transportation system is vital for the success of car-free cities. Investments in public transit and its expansion are crucial to provide convenient alternatives to private cars. Economic Impact: Businesses that depend on car-dependent customers may experience revenue declines during the transition. Addressing this economic impact and supporting affected businesses is essential. Urban Planning and Infrastructure: Redesigning urban areas for car-free living requires comprehensive planning and substantial infrastructure investments, which can be complex and time-consuming. Solutions for the successful adoption of car-free cities include expanding public transportation networks, promoting active transportation such as walking and cycling, encouraging carpooling and ride-sharing, adopting electric and sustainable transportation options, and focusing on public education and awareness. In conclusion, car-free cities present a promising vision for a more sustainable and healthy urban future. While they come with challenges, the potential benefits in terms of environmental sustainability, public health, efficient urban living, and cost savings make them a compelling objective. By investing in public transportation, promoting alternative transportation methods, and involving the public in the planning process, cities can work towards a future where private cars no longer dominate the urban landscape. Car-free cities offer a hopeful glimpse of a more sustainable and vibrant urban environment.\n", - "\ttesting:\n", - "\t\tAdvantages of Limiting Car Usage\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tLimiting car usage can have numerous advantages for individuals and communities. It can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve air quality, promote healthier lifestyles, reduce traffic congestion, and create more vibrant and walkable neighborhoods. These benefits have been observed in various places around the world where car usage has been limited.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tOne example is Vauban, a car-free community in Germany, where 70 percent of families do not own cars. Residents of Vauban have reported feeling happier and less stressed since giving up their cars (Rosenthal, paragraph 3). This is because cars can be a source of tension and anxiety. In contrast, walking and biking in car-free neighborhoods can provide a sense of freedom and connection to the community.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tAnother advantage of limiting car usage is the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Cars are responsible for a significant portion of these emissions, particularly in car-intensive areas. For example, in Europe, passenger cars contribute to 12 percent of greenhouse gas emissions, and in some areas of the United States, this number can reach up to 50 percent (Rosenthal, paragraph 5). By limiting car usage and promoting alternative modes of transportation, such as public transit and biking, communities can significantly reduce their carbon footprint.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tFurthermore, limiting car usage can improve air quality, especially in cities where smog is a significant problem. Paris implemented a driving ban in response to severe smog, and congestion decreased by 60 percent (Duffer, paragraph 14). This demonstrates how reducing car usage can have an immediate positive impact on air quality. Diesel fuel, often favored in France due to tax policies, is a major contributor to air pollution (Duffer, paragraph 16). Encouraging the use of cleaner modes of transportation, such as electric vehicles or bikes, can help combat this issue.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tLimiting car usage also has the potential to create more vibrant and walkable communities. In Bogota, Colombia, a car-free day is held annually, during which millions of people use alternative modes of transportation. This event aims to promote alternative transportation and reduce smog (Selsky, paragraph 21). Such initiatives can lead to the construction of bike paths, parks, and improved infrastructure for pedestrians. As a result, neighborhoods become more accessible, enjoyable, and conducive to social interaction.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tIn conclusion, limiting car usage offers numerous advantages for individuals and communities. It helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve air quality, promote healthier lifestyles, reduce traffic congestion, and create more vibrant neighborhoods. Initiatives in various parts of the world have demonstrated the positive impact of limiting car usage, and it is essential that more communities adopt measures to encourage alternative modes of transportation. By doing so, we can create a more sustainable and livable future.\n", - "\t\tLimiting car usage has numerous advantages that are becoming increasingly apparent in various areas of the world. One of the key benefits of limiting car usage is the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, which is crucial in combating climate change. According to the passage, passenger cars are responsible for a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions in Europe, and this number can be even higher in certain areas of the United States. By reducing car usage, we can effectively decrease these emissions and contribute to a healthier and more sustainable environment.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tFurthermore, limiting car usage can also lead to a more efficient and organized urban planning. In the German suburb of Vauban, for example, streets are completely car-free, except for a few main thoroughfares. This design encourages residents to use alternative modes of transportation such as walking, cycling, or public transit. Placing stores within walking distance and creating accessible public transportation systems are also part of this approach. By adopting this model, suburbs become more compact, reducing the need for extensive parking spaces and encouraging a more efficient use of land.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tIn addition to reducing emissions and promoting efficient urban planning, limiting car usage can also have positive health impacts. The passage about Bogota's car-free day highlights the benefits of promoting alternative transportation for both individuals and communities. People who participate in such events experience a decrease in stress levels and have the opportunity to engage in physical exercise by biking or walking. Moreover, by reducing the number of cars on the road, air pollution is decreased, providing cleaner air for everyone.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tAnother advantage of limiting car usage is the potential economic benefits it can bring. The passage mentions how delivery companies complained of lost revenue during the driving ban in Paris. However, these short-term setbacks can be outweighed by long-term economic gains. For example, investing in public transportation systems and alternative modes of transportation can create jobs in industries such as construction, maintenance, and operation of these systems. Additionally, by reducing the reliance on personal vehicles, individuals can save money on fuel, parking fees, and car maintenance.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tWhile there may be concerns about the impact of limiting car usage on car manufacturers, it is important to recognize that the shift away from car culture represents a larger cultural shift. Younger generations are showing less interest in car ownership, instead choosing alternative ways of getting around, such as using public transportation or car-sharing programs. Car companies are also adapting by rebranding themselves as mobility companies, offering a range of transportation services beyond personal cars.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tIn conclusion, the advantages of limiting car usage are numerous and varied. From reducing greenhouse gas emissions to promoting efficient urban planning, improving public health to potentially boosting the economy, limiting car usage has far-reaching benefits. By adopting models like the car-free suburb of Vauban in Germany or implementing car-free days like in Bogota, cities and communities can work towards a more sustainable and livable future.\n", - "\t\tThe passages provided discuss the advantages of limiting car usage in different cities around the world. One advantage of limiting car usage is the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. According to Passage 5, passenger cars are responsible for 12 percent of greenhouse gas emissions in Europe and up to 50 percent in some car-intensive areas in the United States. By limiting car usage, these emissions can be reduced, contributing to efforts to combat climate change. Passage 9 also mentions that the Environmental Protection Agency in the United States is promoting \"car reduced\" communities to reduce emissions.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tAnother advantage of limiting car usage is the promotion of alternative transportation methods. Passage 4 discusses the concept of \"smart planning\" in which suburbs are designed to be more compact and accessible to public transportation. This approach encourages people to use public transportation instead of private cars, reducing traffic congestion and promoting a more efficient use of space and resources. Passage 26 talks about a car-free day in Bogota, Colombia, where millions of people hiked, biked, skated, or took buses to work. This event promotes alternative modes of transportation and reduces the reliance on cars.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tLimiting car usage can also have health benefits. Passage 18 mentions that during the driving ban in Paris due to smog, congestion reduced by 60 percent. This reduction in traffic can lead to improved air quality in cities, which is beneficial for people's respiratory health. Passage 33 suggests that the decrease in car ownership and driving in the United States may have positive implications for carbon emissions and the environment.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tFurthermore, limiting car usage can lead to improved quality of life. Passage 3 features a resident of the car-free community in Germany, who expresses being happier without a car. By reducing the dependency on cars, people can enjoy quieter and more peaceful streets with less noise and pollution. Passage 28 describes the improvements made in Bogota, such as the construction of bicycle paths, parks, and sports centers, as well as the replacement of uneven sidewalks. These changes enhance the livability of cities and make them more enjoyable for residents.\n", - "\t\t\n", - "\t\tIn conclusion, there are several advantages to limiting car usage, including the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the promotion of alternative transportation methods, health benefits, and an improved quality of life. By adopting smart planning strategies, encouraging the use of public transportation, and creating car-free spaces, cities can become more sustainable, efficient, and livable.\n", - "\n", - "\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "for GENERATION_TYPE in STRINGS.keys(): \n", - " print(GENERATION_TYPE);\n", - "\n", - " for TEXT_CATEGORY in (STRINGS[GENERATION_TYPE].keys()): \n", - " TEXT_OUTPUT = \"\";\n", - "\n", - "\n", - " display(HTML(TEXT_OUTPUT));\n", - "\n", - "\n", - " print((\"\\t\" + \":\\n\\t\\t\".join([TEXT_CATEGORY, \"\\n\\t\\t\".join((\"\\n\".join(STRINGS[GENERATION_TYPE][TEXT_CATEGORY][0:3])).split(\"\\n\"))])));\n", - " \n", - " print(\"\\n\");" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Model Testing" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "The models in use for this study are the following: \n", - "- `gpt2`\n", - "- `gemma2:2b`\n", - "- `tinyllama`" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### Model Preparation" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 15, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "import ollama" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 19, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "MODELS = [\"phi\", \"gemma2:2b\", \"tinyllama\"]" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Use this code below to start Ollama. You may safely stop it afterwards as it will still run in the background. " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "vscode": { - "languageId": "shellscript" - } - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "%%bash\n", - "ollama serve &" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "#### Model Download" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "This section must only be run once per system. " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 20, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "data": { - "text/html": [ - "
" - ], - "text/plain": [ - "" - ] - }, - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data" - } - ], - "source": [ - "STATUS = display(HTML(''.join([\"
\"])), display_id=True)\n", - "\n", - "for MODEL_INDEX in range(len(MODELS)): \n", - " MODEL_NAME = MODELS[MODEL_INDEX];\n", - " STATUS.update(HTML(''.join([\"
\"])));\n", - "\n", - " ollama.pull(MODEL_NAME);\n", - " STATUS.update(HTML(''.join([\"
\"])))" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "#### Prompt Set-Up" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Let us also load the prompts. It's not directly embedded in here to commit them seperately. " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 34, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "PROMPTS = {};\n", - "RESULTS = {};\n", - "\n", - "PROMPTS[\"raw\"] = json.load(open(\"tests/prompts.json\"));" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### Model’s Observations" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Here, the generative AI models will be asked to distinguish features that set its own text apart from human-written text. This is more of semantic observation and may provide possible reasonings that influence LLM’s decisions. " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "First, the prompt will need to be formatted. " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 41, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Below are some texts written by humans and by large language models.\n", - "human #1:\n", - "Cars. Cars have been around since they became famous in the 1900s, when Henry Ford created and built the first ModelT. Cars have played a major role in our every day lives since then. But now, people are starting to question if limiting car usage would be a good thing. To me, limiting the use of cars might be a good thing to do.\n", - "\n", - "In like matter of this, article, \"In German Suburb, Life Goes On Without Cars,\" by Elizabeth Rosenthal states, how automobiles are the linchpin of suburbs, where middle class families from either Shanghai or Chicago tend to make their homes. Experts say how this is a huge impediment to current efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from tailpipe. Passenger cars are responsible for 12 percent of greenhouse gas emissions in Europe...and up to 50 percent in some carintensive areas in the United States. Cars are the main reason for the greenhouse gas emissions because of a lot of people driving them around all the time getting where they need to go. Article, \"Paris bans driving due to smog,\" by Robert Duffer says, how Paris, after days of nearrecord pollution, enforced a partial driving ban to clear the air of the global city. It also says, how on Monday, motorist with evennumbered license plates were ordered to leave their cars at home or be fined a 22euro fine 31. The same order would be applied to oddnumbered plates the following day. Cars are the reason for polluting entire cities like Paris. This shows how bad cars can be because, of all the pollution that they can cause to an entire city.\n", - "\n", - "Likewise, in the article, \"Carfree day is spinning into a big hit in Bogota,\" by Andrew Selsky says, how programs that's set to spread to other countries, millions of Columbians hiked, biked, skated, or took the bus to work during a carfree day, leaving streets of this capital city eerily devoid of traffic jams. It was the third straight year cars have been banned with only buses and taxis permitted for the Day Without Cars in the capital city of 7 million. People like the idea of having carfree days because, it allows them to lesson the pollution that cars put out of their exhaust from people driving all the time. The article also tells how parks and sports centers have bustled throughout the city uneven, pitted sidewalks have been replaced by broad, smooth sidewalks rushhour restrictions have dramatically cut traffic and new restaurants and upscale shopping districts have cropped up. Having no cars has been good for the country of Columbia because, it has aloud them to repair things that have needed repairs for a long time, traffic jams have gone down, and restaurants and shopping districts have popped up, all due to the fact of having less cars around.\n", - "\n", - "In conclusion, the use of less cars and having carfree days, have had a big impact on the environment of cities because, it is cutting down the air pollution that the cars have majorly polluted, it has aloud countries like Columbia to repair sidewalks, and cut down traffic jams. Limiting the use of cars would be a good thing for America. So we should limit the use of cars by maybe riding a bike, or maybe walking somewhere that isn't that far from you and doesn't need the use of a car to get you there. To me, limiting the use of cars might be a good thing to do.\n", - "\n", - "human #2:\n", - "Transportation is a large necessity in most countries worldwide. With no doubt, cars, buses, and other means of transportation make going from place to place easier and faster. However there's always a negative pollution. Although mobile transportation are a huge part of daily lives, we are endangering the Earth with harmful greenhouse gases, which could be suppressed.\n", - "\n", - "A small suburb community in Germany called Vauban, has started a \"carfree\" lifestyle. In this city, markets and stores are placed nearby homes, instead of being located by farend highways. Although Vauban is not completely carfree, 70% of Vauban families do not own cars Even a large 57% of families stated to have sold their cars to move to Vauban. Some families have even said to be less stressed depending on car transportation. Cars are responsible for about 12% of greenhouse gases, and can even be up to 50% in some carintensive areas in the United States.\n", - "\n", - "Another insight to reduced car zones brings Paris' incident with smog. Paris' officials created a system that would in fact lower smog rates. On Monday, the motorists with evennumbered license plates numbers would be ordered to leave their cars at home, or they would suffer a fine. Same rule would occur on Tuesday, except motorists with oddnumbered license plates were targeted with fines. Congestion, or traffic, was reduced by 60% after five days of intense smog. Diesel fuel played a huge part in this pollution, having the fact that 67% of vehicles in France are of Diesel fuel. The impact of the clearing of smog, resided in banning the Tuesday rule of odd license plates.\n", - "\n", - "Could you imagine a day without seeing a single car being used? This phenomenon occurs once a year in Bogota, Colombia. With the exception of buses and taxis being used, cars are to be left unattended for an entire day. Having a carfree day just once a year can even reduce the pollution slightly. The day without cars is part of a campaign that originated in Bogota in the mid 1990s. This campaign has renewed and constructed numerous bicycle paths and sidewalks all over the city. Parks and sports centers have also sprung from this campaign. Devoting your time to a carfree lifestyle has it's hassles, but in hindsight, it has it's benefits.\n", - "\n", - "To conclude, living a carfree lifestyle does not seem like a possibility in this day and age, however managing the use of cars and pollution is something every country should take time investing in. Think about how much of an impact it would be if everywhere worldwide would take part in airpollution reduction. Mobile transportation is lifestyle in a sense, and being dependent on cars or other means of transportation can impact the health of the Earth and even ourselves.\n", - "\n", - "human #3:\n", - "\"America's love affair with it's vehicles seems to be cooling\" says Elisabeth rosenthal. To understand rosenthal's perspective, it is easier to suggest that America's car usage is decreasing slowly. This isn't necessarily bad in the sense that it has certain positive effects. The advantages of limiting car usage includes an increase in security and health, along with a decrease in pollution and dependence.\n", - "\n", - "Firstly, when car usage is limited security and health is more likely to be guaranteed. The feeling of being secure is highly important to individuals everywhere. For example, many people in colombia used public transportation during a car free day \"leaving the streets of this capital city \", according to Andrew Selsky, \"eerily devoid of traffic jams\". The complications that stem from traffic jams end with a feeling of confidence. The plan to get from point A to B was more simple just a second ago. This complication in your personal plans leads you to become stressed as a feeling of doubt overcomes all thoughts. If car usage was limited, there would be a control on how much traffic accumulates thus minimizing chance of stress. As Heidrun Walter states \"when i had a car i was always tense. I'm much happier this way\". not only does car usage minimize conditions detrimental to health, it also enlarges your capacity for exercise. The main purpose of the car is to get someone from one place to another. when an important job takes over your personal life, it becomes difficult to do things most enjoyed in life. limits on car usage forces you to stay in shape. According to Andrew Selsky \"parks and sports centers also have bloomed throughout the city\". Less cars means healthier and natural situations. With parks and sport centers becoming more efficient, it becomes easier to find a more physically active population. Overall, less usage on cars minimizes stress and increases health.\n", - "\n", - "Secondly, limting car usage becomes beneficial to the environment. Now a days people have become annoyed with others who care so passionately about the environment. If you look behind their constant cries for action, there are solid facts. Yespollution is bad for the environment. Yes a bad envorment means unhealthy living. Yes cars are one of the main contributors to pollution in the environment. A pattern of less car usage, as Elisabeth Rosenthal states \"will have beneficial implications for carbon emissions and the environment\". The less use of cars, the less pollution in the environment. One must observe limiting car usage as an opportunity to create a cleaner world and better future. The effects of pollution in the environment is completley dangerous and we, the car users, are to blame.\n", - "\n", - "Additionally, it would lower the dependence on cars. Many people today find that their car is so useful. While it has many features and is a form of transportation, many do not figure what they would do if they did not have such a possesion. The development of people and their interaction with technology has left a wide gap between historic, natural ways and what is thought of as modern society. Being dependent is not always good for individuals. As david goldberg says \"all our development since world war II has been centered on the car, and that will have to change\". Many people could disagree and wonder why it is necessary to change our ways especially if we are so highly devloped. If being developed means being dependent on a harmful machine, then it could not be effective devlopment. According to Elisabeth Rosenthal \"cashstrapped americans could not afford new cars, and the unemployed were't going to work anyway\". Many people can't have the precious luxury of private transportation in the first place. Those who have had it have become distant to a more natural society. Peope have become so use to having cars that they have become oblivious to the significant effects. With limits on car usage , these effcts could be controlled.\n", - "\n", - "To conclude, the advantages of limiting car usage is an increase in health, along with a decrease in pollution, and less dependence on cars. limiting car usage is a positive way to enfore an organized and clean environment, and ensure health and security of those who live in it. This is one reason America can be reffered to as a succesful country. It is not that America has decreased use of vehicles, but the fact that they have done what is best for majority.\n", - "\n", - "human #4:\n", - "How often do you ride in a car? Do you drive a one or any other motor vehicle to work? The store? To the mall? Have you ever thought about how many people in the world do that exact same thing travel to every destination using a fuel powered motorvehicle. Not many people realize the intensive damage that they're doing when they turn their key in the ignition. What if you didn't drive to work today? If you're like any regular car user, the thought \"What?! I could never survive without my car!\" may run through your mind. It is possible though, to live without your main mean of transport. Just look at cities like cuban, Paris, and Bogota each one has in some way restricted their people's usage of cars and they actually enjoy it! If you limit your car usage, it can intern result in many advantages and benefits in yourself and in your community.\n", - "\n", - "A not so recognized benefit to giving up your car usage would be the positive consequences it has on your health. In source 1, Heidrun Walter states that \"When he had a car, he was always tense. He's much happier without it.\" Think about it, imagine all the angry road rage you experience while driving. That surely does not have a positive effect on your mood or health. Driving takes a copious amount of focus and mental activity, such as, trying to navigate, dealing with bad drivers, etc., that after a short period of time, you're stressed out and tired. In cities like New York and Paris, the population is high. This leads to congestion in the streets and excessive amounts of pollution. Warm layers of air, according to Robert Duffer in \"Paris bans driving due to smog,\" traps the car emissions. How is that healthy? He also states that Paris had to enforce a temporary driving ban after the pollution levels reached an all time record. After a few days of less driving the pollution went way down. Since people aren't driving, they have to find other means of transport. This could include walking, biking, or skating to destinations. Those are all physical excercises! Your body is getting to work out and you'll mentally feel fresher more than you would sitting in a car.\n", - "\n", - "Taking a break from driving also can help with the overall look of your city. Pollution doesn't cause the flowers to grow. It certainly doesn't smell nice. It sets a filter over the town and gives off a \"dirty\" vibe. With less driving, there is less nasty pollution being emitted, therefore leading to a cleaner community. In Elisabeth Rosenthal's article, \"In German Suburb, Life goes on Without Cars,\" she gives the good point that since there is a restriction on car and motor vehicle transportation, there is going to be more walkers. If you have tons of people taking the sidewalks instead of the roads, you might need a few more pathways and closer stores that are in walking distance. Andrew Selsky states that \"Parks and sports centers have bloomed throughout the city uneven pitted sidewalks have been replaced by broad, smooth sidewalks... and new restaurants and upscale shopping districts have cropped up.\" As stated previously, pollution is not benefiting the environment. Organizations such as the Envronmental Protection Agency in the U.S., are promoting \"car reduced\" communities, says Rosenthal. These communities have far less pollution and are much cleaner. Cities are also promoting this idea and are having days devoted to \"nocar driving.\" In Bogota, Colombia, they hold an anual \"carfree\" day where only buses and taxis are permitted. Any other drivers would be fined. Although fining someone for using a posession they own might ruffle some feathers, it did have a successful turn out and significantly reduced the \"smog.\" In conclusion, although the idea of giving up our precious automobiles for walking to our destination might sound impossible, it's not. Reducing our driving can lead to many benefits and advantages in our daily lives. These include an increase in health, an improved look to our cities, and an improved environment all around us.\n", - "\n", - "human #5:\n", - "Cars are a wonderful thing. They are perhaps one of the worlds greatest advancements and technologies. Cars get us from point a to point i. That is exactly what we want isnt it? We as humans want to get from one place to anther as fast as possiile. Cars are a suitaile to do that. They get us across the city in a matter of minutes. Much faster than anyhting else we have. A train isnt going to get me across the city as fast as my car is and neither is a puilic ius, iut those other forms of transportation just might ie the way to go. Don't get me wrong, cars are an aisolutly amazing thing iut, mayie they just cause way to much stress, and mayie they hurt our environment in ways that we don't think they will. With a ius or a train you do not have to worry aiout washing your car or getting frustrated when stuck in a iad traffic jam on I4. Also there is not as much pollution in air hurting our environment. You might not think so, iut there are many advantages to limiting our car usage.\n", - "\n", - "One advantage that not only humans would ienefit from, iut also plants and animals is that there would ie a lot less pollution in the air hurting out environment. Right now our cars give off gases that are extremely harmful towards our environment. These gases are called green house gases and come out of the exhaust pipes in our cars. Your car alone docent give off much gas iut collectively, our cars give off enormous amounts of gases. This is especially true in iig cities like France. In France, their pollution level was so high it was record ireaking. due to that france decided to enforce a partial ian on cars. This is descriied in the second article \" Paris ians driving due to smog\", iy Roiert Duffer, \" On Monday motorists with evennumiered license plates were orderd to leave their cars at home or suffer a 22euro fine 31. The same would apply to oddnumiered plates the following day.\" After France limited driving there congestion was down iy 60 percent. \" Congestion was down 60 percent in the capital of France\". So after five days of intense smog, 60 percent of it was clear after not using cars for only a little while. Even across the world in Bogota, columiia they are limiting driving and reducing smog levels. In the third article \"carfree day is spinning into a iig hit in Bogota\", iy Andrew Selsky, it descriies the annual carfree day they have to reduce smog. \" the goal is to promote alternative transportation and reduce smog\". So all over the world people are relizing that without cars, we are insuring the safety and well ieing of our environment.\n", - "\n", - "The second advantage that would come with limiting car use is less stress. Everyone knows that driving a car causes emence amounts of stress. Getting caught in traffic is a major cause of stress in someones life. having to repeating wash your car just to get it dirt again causes stress. Having people in the iack of your car screaming and yelling all while music is ilasting, causes stress. So oiviously driving causes stress. If we were to limit our car usage we would not ie as stressed as we usually are. There would ie no traffic, no car washes and no one screaming in a small confineded space. In the first article \" In German Suiuri, life goes on without cars\", iy Elisaieth Rosenthal, a citizen named humdrum Walter, states \" When i had a car i was always tense. I'm much happier this way\". So with out the stress of a car humdrum Walter is a looser and happier person, less stress equals happier person. In the third article, \" Carfree dai is spinning into a iig hit in Bogota\", iy Andrew Selsky, it states \" It's a good opportunity to take away stress...\". If we have the opportunity to take away stress, why not take it. It is a huge advantage in our lives to limit driving if it takes away stress. No one wants stress, no one needs stress, and if we have an opportunity to take some of the stress away, take that opportunity.\n", - "\n", - "In conclusion, there are many advantages to limiting car use, one ieing theat we get to help the environment and two ieing that it helps reduce stress. Our environment is already screwed up in so many ways, if we can help it to iecome the healthy environment it once was, then do it. Stress is proven to impare your personal health, no one wants to ie unhealthy and no one wants stress in their life. If you want the environment to get ietter and you want to reduce stress in your life then take this advantage and impliment it. Some might not think that this is an advantage, iut i just explained that it is a clear advantege that has ieen proved to help the enviornment and reduce stress. Limiting car use is a very effective advantage that really does work in more than one place.\n", - "\n", - "AI #1:\n", - "Car-free cities have become a subject of increasing interest and debate in recent years, as urban areas around the world grapple with the challenges of congestion, pollution, and limited resources. The concept of a car-free city involves creating urban environments where private automobiles are either significantly restricted or completely banned, with a focus on alternative transportation methods and sustainable urban planning. This essay explores the benefits, challenges, and potential solutions associated with the idea of car-free cities. Benefits of Car-Free Cities Environmental Sustainability: Car-free cities promote environmental sustainability by reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Fewer cars on the road mean cleaner air and a significant decrease in the contribution to global warming. Improved Public Health: A reduction in automobile usage can lead to better public health outcomes. Fewer cars on the road result in fewer accidents and a safer urban environment for pedestrians and cyclists. Moreover, less air pollution can lead to reduced respiratory and cardiovascular problems. Efficient Use of Space: Car-free cities utilize urban space more efficiently. Parking lots and wide roads can be repurposed for green spaces, parks, and pedestrian zones, enhancing the overall quality of life in the city. Reduced Traffic Congestion: By eliminating or restricting car usage, traffic congestion is significantly reduced, leading to faster commute times and less frustration for residents and commuters. Cost Savings: Car ownership and maintenance can be expensive. Car-free cities allow residents to save money on vehicles, fuel, and insurance, improving their overall financial well-being. Challenges of Car-Free Cities Resistance to Change: Transitioning to a car-free city can face resistance from citizens, especially those who rely heavily on their cars for daily activities and commutes. Public Transportation Infrastructure: An effective public transportation system is crucial for the success of car-free cities. Cities need to invest in and expand their public transportation networks to ensure that people have viable alternatives to cars. Economic Impact: Businesses that rely on car-dependent customers may experience a decline in revenue in a car-free city. It's essential to address this economic impact and find ways to support affected businesses during the transition. Urban Planning and Infrastructure: The redesign of urban areas for car-free living requires significant planning and investment in infrastructure, which can be a lengthy and complex process. Solutions for Car-Free Cities Expand Public Transportation: Invest in the expansion and improvement of public transportation systems to provide convenient and affordable alternatives to private cars. Promote Active Transportation: Encourage walking and cycling by building bike lanes, pedestrian-friendly streets, and ensuring safe infrastructure for these activities. Implement Carpooling and Ride-Sharing: Promote carpooling and ride-sharing services to reduce the number of private vehicles on the road. Adopt Electric and Sustainable Transportation: Encourage the use of electric vehicles and promote sustainability by using renewable energy sources to power transportation. Education and Public Awareness: Educate citizens about the benefits of a car-free city and involve them in the planning process to increase support and understanding. Conclusion Car-free cities represent a vision for a sustainable and healthier urban future. While the transition to a car-free city is not without challenges, the potential benefits in terms of environmental sustainability, public health, and efficient urban living make it a compelling goal. Through a combination of investment in public transportation, promotion of alternative transportation methods, and public engagement, cities can work towards a future where cars are no longer the dominant mode of transportation. Car-free cities offer a promising vision of a more sustainable and vibrant urban environment.\n", - "\n", - "AI #2:\n", - "Car Free Cities Car-free cities, a concept gaining traction in contemporary urban planning, seek to transform the way we live, commute, and interact with our surroundings. These cities envision a future where private automobiles are either severely restricted or completely eliminated from urban landscapes, making room for alternative modes of transportation, green spaces, and sustainable living. In this essay, we will explore the various aspects of car-free cities, including their benefits, challenges, and potential solutions. The idea of car-free cities stems from a growing awareness of the negative consequences of car-centric urban planning. Congestion, air pollution, and the diminishing quality of life in crowded, noisy, and car-infested streets have prompted urban planners to seek alternatives. Car-free cities offer several advantages: Environmental Sustainability: By reducing the number of vehicles on the road, car-free cities significantly decrease air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. This step towards environmental sustainability helps combat climate change and fosters cleaner, healthier urban environments. Public Health: Fewer cars on the road mean fewer accidents and a safer environment for pedestrians and cyclists. Additionally, the reduction in air pollution results in improved respiratory and cardiovascular health for city dwellers. Efficient Space Utilization: Car-free cities optimize urban space usage. Parking lots and wide roads can be repurposed for parks, green spaces, and pedestrian zones, enhancing the overall quality of life. Reduced Traffic Congestion: Less reliance on private cars leads to reduced traffic congestion, shorter commute times, and less stress for residents and commuters. Cost Savings: Owning and maintaining a car can be expensive. Car-free cities allow residents to save money on vehicle purchase, fuel, and insurance, thereby improving their financial well-being. However, transitioning to car-free cities presents its own set of challenges: Resistance to Change: Many people heavily rely on their cars for daily activities and commutes. Transitioning to car-free living can face resistance from those who fear the loss of convenience and autonomy. Public Transportation Infrastructure: Effective public transportation systems are critical for the success of car-free cities. Investments and improvements in public transit are necessary to provide convenient alternatives to private cars. Economic Impact: Businesses that rely on car-dependent customers may experience declining revenue. Addressing this economic impact and supporting affected businesses during the transition is essential. Urban Planning and Infrastructure: Redesigning urban areas for car-free living demands comprehensive planning and substantial investment in infrastructure, which can be a complex and lengthy process. Solutions for the successful implementation of car-free cities include expanding public transportation, promoting active transportation, encouraging carpooling and ride-sharing, adopting electric and sustainable transportation, and focusing on public education and awareness. In conclusion, car-free cities represent a promising vision for a more sustainable and healthy urban future. While challenges exist, the potential benefits in terms of environmental sustainability, public health, efficient urban living, and cost savings make it a compelling goal. By investing in public transportation, promoting alternative transportation methods, and involving the public in the planning process, cities can work toward a future where cars are no longer the dominant mode of transportation. Car-free cities offer a promising vision of a more sustainable and vibrant urban environment.\n", - "\n", - "AI #3:\n", - " A Sustainable Urban Future Car-free cities are emerging as a powerful response to the pressing challenges of urbanization. These cities aspire to create environments where private automobiles are either severely restricted or completely banned, emphasizing sustainable transportation alternatives, cleaner air, and vibrant urban living. This essay delves into the concept of car-free cities, exploring their potential benefits, challenges, and solutions. Car-free cities are gaining momentum as a solution to pressing urban challenges. These cities aim to create environments where private automobiles are either restricted or entirely eliminated in favor of sustainable transportation alternatives. This essay explores the concept of car-free cities, emphasizing their potential benefits, challenges, and solutions. Car-free cities represent a vision for urban living that emphasizes sustainability, health, and efficiency: Environmental Sustainability: A reduced reliance on cars leads to decreased air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. This shift towards environmental sustainability helps mitigate climate change and promotes cleaner, healthier cities. Public Health: Car-free cities create safer environments for pedestrians and cyclists. Reduced air pollution levels contribute to better respiratory and cardiovascular health, enhancing overall public well-being. Optimal Space Utilization: Car-free cities make efficient use of urban space. Parking lots and wide roads can be repurposed into green spaces, parks, and pedestrian zones, enhancing the quality of life. Traffic Congestion Reduction: Fewer private cars on the road result in less traffic congestion, shorter commutes, and lower stress levels for city residents and commuters. Economic Savings: Car ownership can be expensive, including vehicle purchase, fuel, and insurance. Car-free cities offer residents an opportunity to save money and improve their financial stability. Despite their potential, transitioning to car-free cities is not without its challenges: Resistance to Change: Many individuals rely heavily on cars for daily activities and commutes. The shift to car-free living can face resistance from those who fear inconvenience and a loss of personal autonomy. Public Transportation Infrastructure: A robust public transportation system is vital for the success of car-free cities. Investments in public transit and its expansion are crucial to provide convenient alternatives to private cars. Economic Impact: Businesses that depend on car-dependent customers may experience revenue declines during the transition. Addressing this economic impact and supporting affected businesses is essential. Urban Planning and Infrastructure: Redesigning urban areas for car-free living requires comprehensive planning and substantial infrastructure investments, which can be complex and time-consuming. Solutions for the successful adoption of car-free cities include expanding public transportation networks, promoting active transportation such as walking and cycling, encouraging carpooling and ride-sharing, adopting electric and sustainable transportation options, and focusing on public education and awareness. In conclusion, car-free cities present a promising vision for a more sustainable and healthy urban future. While they come with challenges, the potential benefits in terms of environmental sustainability, public health, efficient urban living, and cost savings make them a compelling objective. By investing in public transportation, promoting alternative transportation methods, and involving the public in the planning process, cities can work towards a future where private cars no longer dominate the urban landscape. Car-free cities offer a hopeful glimpse of a more sustainable and vibrant urban environment.\n", - "\n", - "AI #4:\n", - " Pioneering Sustainable Urban Living In an era marked by rapid urbanization, car-free cities have emerged as a visionary solution to the many challenges that densely populated urban areas face. The concept of car-free cities envisions a future where private automobiles are either restricted or entirely absent, making way for sustainable transportation alternatives and green, people-centered urban spaces. This essay delves into the idea of car-free cities, exploring their potential benefits, challenges, and solutions. Car-free cities are a response to the urgent need for sustainable urban living: Environmental Sustainability: The reduced use of cars significantly lowers air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to a healthier planet. These cities serve as beacons of environmental responsibility in an era where climate change is a pressing concern. Public Health: Car-free cities prioritize pedestrian and cyclist safety, resulting in fewer accidents and better health outcomes. Decreased air pollution levels lead to improved respiratory and cardiovascular health among residents. Optimal Space Utilization: These cities make efficient use of urban space by repurposing parking lots and roads into parks, green spaces, and pedestrian zones. The urban landscape is transformed into an inviting and vibrant place to live. Traffic Congestion Reduction: With fewer private cars on the road, traffic congestion is greatly reduced, resulting in shorter commutes and less stress for city dwellers. Economic Benefits: Car ownership can be a costly endeavor. By reducing their reliance on private vehicles, residents in car-free cities have the opportunity to save money on vehicle-related expenses, improving their overall financial stability. However, the transition to car-free cities presents a unique set of challenges: Resistance to Change: Many individuals depend heavily on their cars for daily routines and commutes, and the transition to car-free living may face resistance from those who fear the loss of convenience and personal freedom. Public Transportation Infrastructure: Effective public transportation systems are crucial for the success of car-free cities. Substantial investments are needed to expand and enhance public transit options, providing convenient alternatives to private cars. Economic Impact: Businesses relying on car-dependent customers may experience declining revenues during the transition. Addressing this economic impact and supporting affected businesses is a critical aspect of the transition. Urban Planning and Infrastructure: The redesign of urban areas for car-free living demands comprehensive planning and significant investments in infrastructure, which can be a complex and time-consuming process. Solutions to successfully implement car-free cities include the expansion and improvement of public transportation, the promotion of active transportation methods such as walking and cycling, the encouragement of carpooling and ride-sharing, the adoption of electric and sustainable transportation, and a focus on public education and awareness. In conclusion, car-free cities offer a glimpse into a more sustainable and vibrant urban future. Despite the challenges, the potential benefits in terms of environmental sustainability, public health, efficient urban living, and cost savings make them a compelling goal. By investing in public transportation, promoting alternative transportation methods, and involving the public in the planning process, cities can work towards a future where private cars are no longer the dominant mode of transportation. Car-free cities represent an inspiring vision of a more sustainable and people-centric urban environment.\n", - "\n", - "AI #5:\n", - " The Path to Sustainable Urban Living In an age of rapid urbanization, the concept of car-free cities is gaining momentum as a visionary solution to the complex challenges posed by urban areas. Car-free cities are urban environments where private automobiles are either heavily restricted or completely prohibited, promoting the use of sustainable transportation alternatives and fostering a healthier, more vibrant urban lifestyle. This essay explores the concept of car-free cities, examining the potential benefits, challenges, and strategies for their successful implementation. Car-free cities offer a vision of urban living focused on sustainability and well-being: Environmental Sustainability: By significantly reducing the number of cars on the road, car-free cities contribute to cleaner air and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, thus playing a vital role in mitigating climate change. Public Health: These cities prioritize pedestrian and cyclist safety, leading to fewer accidents and enhanced public health. Reduced air pollution levels result in better respiratory and cardiovascular health for urban residents. Optimal Use of Space: Car-free cities make efficient use of urban space by converting parking lots and wide roads into green areas, parks, and pedestrian zones. This transformation enriches the overall urban landscape and quality of life. Traffic Congestion Reduction: Fewer private cars on the road mean less traffic congestion, shorter commute times, and a less stressful daily life for urban inhabitants. Economic Benefits: Car ownership can be costly. By relying less on private vehicles, residents of car-free cities have the opportunity to save money on car-related expenses, which can contribute to improved financial stability. Transitioning to car-free cities, however, poses unique challenges: Resistance to Change: Many individuals heavily rely on their cars for daily activities and commutes, leading to potential resistance to the transition to car-free living due to fears of inconvenience and a loss of autonomy. Public Transportation Infrastructure: A robust public transportation system is essential for the success of car-free cities. Substantial investments are needed to expand and enhance public transit options, providing convenient alternatives to private cars. Economic Impact: Businesses that depend on car-dependent customers may face a decline in revenue during the transition. Addressing this economic impact and supporting affected businesses is a crucial aspect of the transition. Urban Planning and Infrastructure: The reconfiguration of urban areas for car-free living requires comprehensive planning and significant investments in infrastructure, a complex and time-consuming process. To realize car-free cities successfully, strategies include expanding and enhancing public transportation, promoting active transportation methods like walking and cycling, encouraging carpooling and ride-sharing, adopting electric and sustainable transportation, and focusing on public education and awareness. In conclusion, car-free cities offer an inspiring vision of a more sustainable and vibrant urban future. Despite the challenges, the potential benefits in terms of environmental sustainability, public health, efficient urban living, and cost savings make them a compelling goal. By investing in public transportation, promoting alternative transportation methods, and engaging the public in the planning process, cities can work toward a future where private cars are no longer the dominant mode of transportation. Car-free cities represent a promising glimpse of a more sustainable and people-centric urban environment.\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "Given these, can you describe the differences between the human and AI writers?\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "def prompts_description_format(): \n", - " PROMPTS[\"descriptions\"] = PROMPTS[\"raw\"][\"descriptions\"][0]\n", - " PROMPTS[\"descriptions\"] = PROMPTS[\"descriptions\"] + \"\\n\";\n", - "\n", - " for GENERATION_TYPE in STRINGS.keys(): \n", - " for TEXT_NUMBER in range(len(STRINGS[GENERATION_TYPE][\"training\"])): \n", - " PROMPTS[\"descriptions\"] = PROMPTS[\"descriptions\"] + ':\\n'.join([GENERATION_TYPE + \" #\" + str(TEXT_NUMBER + 1), STRINGS[GENERATION_TYPE][\"training\"][TEXT_NUMBER]]) + \"\\n\\n\";\n", - "\n", - " PROMPTS[\"descriptions\"] = PROMPTS[\"descriptions\"] + \"\\n\" + PROMPTS[\"raw\"][\"descriptions\"][1]\n", - "\n", - " return (PROMPTS[\"descriptions\"]);\n", - "\n", - "prompts_description_format();\n", - "print(PROMPTS[\"descriptions\"]);" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "The large language models are tested below. " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 42, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "data": { - "text/html": [ - "
" - ], - "text/plain": [ - "" - ] - }, - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data" - } - ], - "source": [ - "def description_overview_ask(): \n", - " if (not(\"description\" in RESULTS.keys())): \n", - " RESULTS[\"description\"] = {}\n", - "\n", - " STATUS = display(\"\", display_id=True);\n", - "\n", - " for MODEL_INDEX in range(len(MODELS)): \n", - " MODEL_NAME = MODELS[MODEL_INDEX];\n", - "\n", - " # Update the status.\n", - " STATUS.update(HTML(''.join([\"
\"])));\n", - "\n", - " RESPONSE = ollama.generate(model=MODEL_NAME, prompt=PROMPTS[\"descriptions\"]);\n", - " RESULTS[\"description\"][MODEL_NAME] = RESPONSE;\n", - " \n", - " STATUS.update(HTML(''.join([\"
\"])));\n", - " \n", - " STATUS.update(HTML(\"
\"));\n", - "\n", - " return RESULTS[\"description\"]\n", - "\n", - "description_overview_ask();" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 43, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "data": { - "text/markdown": [ - "# phi\n", - "The AI writer has provided an essay that covers all aspects of car-free cities while adhering to the given instructions. It is factual and informative in nature with no personal biases or opinions. On the other hand, the human writer's essay is more creative and subjective, presenting a unique perspective on car-free cities. The human writer has included their own interpretation of the benefits and challenges of implementing car-free cities, which provides an added layer of insight for the reader. Additionally, the AI writer does not have the ability to think outside of the box or offer creative solutions that may be necessary when discussing complex topics like urban planning and transportation." - ], - "text/plain": [ - "" - ] - }, - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data" - }, - { - "data": { - "text/markdown": [ - "# gemma2:2b\n", - "Let's break down the differences between the human and AI writing styles in this context:\n", - "\n", - "**Human Writers:**\n", - "\n", - "* **Empathy and Nuance:** They write with a deeper understanding of human motivations and emotions. A human writer might explore the personal stories, worries, hopes, or fears surrounding car-free living. \n", - "* **Originality and Creativity:** Human writers can use figurative language, vivid descriptions, and unique storytelling to make their points more engaging. They can adapt their style based on the specific audience and desired tone.\n", - "* **Critical Thinking and Analysis:** Humans bring an ability to critically analyze information, offer multiple perspectives, consider ethical dilemmas, and draw conclusions based on complex reasoning. \n", - "* **Personal Perspective:** Human writers often reflect on experiences or biases that inform their writing, giving it a more authentic feel.\n", - "\n", - "**AI Writers (like the one generating this response):**\n", - "\n", - "* **Objectivity and Conciseness:** They aim to be informative and factual, providing clear, straightforward answers based on the data they've been trained on. They often use neutral language and avoid emotional appeals.\n", - "* **Pattern Recognition and Data-Driven Language:** AI writers excel at identifying patterns in data (like the structure of the essay) and creating text that aligns with those patterns. \n", - "* **Limited Emotional Capacity:** AI cannot experience emotions like humans do, so their writing might lack a personal touch. It's important to remember they don't have lived experiences to draw on. \n", - "* **Speed and Efficiency:** AI is great at producing large amounts of text quickly, often using pre-programmed templates or algorithms for speed.\n", - "\n", - "**Examples from the Texts:**\n", - "\n", - "* **Human Writer:** \"The transition to car-free cities presents a unique set of challenges: Resistance to Change...\" This shows a human writer's ability to think about and describe complex situations with nuance and emotional context.\n", - "* **AI Writer:** \"...and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, thus playing a vital role in mitigating climate change.\" This demonstrates the AI's focus on clear, concise facts and data-driven writing.\n", - "\n", - "**In Summary**\n", - "\n", - "While both human and AI writers have their strengths, they bring different approaches to the table. Human writers offer depth and emotional connection while AI excels in objectivity, speed, and efficiency." - ], - "text/plain": [ - "" - ] - }, - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data" - }, - { - "data": { - "text/markdown": [ - "# tinyllama\n", - "The two writers are quite different in terms of their style, tone, and approach to writing. Here's a brief breakdown:\n", - "\n", - "1. Human writer: This writer is an experienced writer who has written many articles on various topics related to sustainability, environment, and urban planning. Their writing is detailed, informative, and engaging, with plenty of examples and statistics to support their arguments. They use active voice and offer real-world solutions to problems faced by the readers.\n", - "\n", - "2. AI writer: This writer is a chatbot that uses machine learning algorithms to generate human-like writing styles. The AI writer's writing is concise, factual, and focused on providing readers with quick solutions to their sustainability concerns. They write in a conversational tone and use anecdotes to illustrate their points. While the AI writer can be helpful for addressing immediate concerns related to sustainability, it lacks depth and nuance, making it difficult to understand the broader implications of these issues.\n", - "\n", - "In terms of style and tone, the AI writer may feel distant or robotic at times due to its use of machine learning algorithms. However, the human writer's writing can be quite dry and lacking in enthusiasm, which could make it difficult for readers to fully engage with their ideas. The AI writer's conversational style can help to bridge this gap by making complex concepts more accessible to a broader audience.\n", - "\n", - "In terms of approaches to writing, the human writer is focused on providing solutions to specific sustainability problems faced by the reader, whereas the AI writer focuses on generalizations and quick fixes for common sustainability concerns. While both writers have valuable insights, their approaches may be more effective depending on the particular issue or topic being discussed.\n", - "\n", - "Overall, while the AI writer's writing style can be helpful in addressing immediate concerns related to sustainability, its lack of depth and nuance could make it difficult for readers to understand the broader implications of these issues. In contrast, the human writer's focus on providing solutions specific to the reader's problem or issue may help to bridge this gap." - ], - "text/plain": [ - "" - ] - }, - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data" - } - ], - "source": [ - "def description_overview_show(): \n", - " TEXT_OUTPUT = \"\";\n", - "\n", - " for MODEL_NAME in (RESULTS[\"description\"].keys()): \n", - " display(Markdown(\"# \" + MODEL_NAME + \"\\n\" + RESULTS[\"description\"][MODEL_NAME]['response'].strip()));\n", - "\n", - " return(TEXT_OUTPUT); \n", - "\n", - "description_overview_show();" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### Testing Functions" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Below are the functions used for testing. " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 45, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "def perform_test(MODEL_NAME, TEST_TYPE): \n", - " # Create a dictionary for the test’s results.\n", - " if not(TEST_TYPE in RESULTS.keys()): \n", - " RESULTS[TEST_TYPE] = {};\n", - "\n", - " # Create a dictionary for the model’s results.\n", - " RESULTS[TEST_TYPE][MODEL_NAME] = {};\n", - "\n", - " # Set the status details. \n", - "\n", - " for AUTHOR in PROMPTS[TEST_TYPE].keys(): \n", - " RESULTS[TEST_TYPE][MODEL_NAME][AUTHOR] = [];\n", - "\n", - " STATUS = display(Markdown(\"Starting next test…\"), display_id=True);\n", - "\n", - " for STRING_INDEX in range(len(PROMPTS[TEST_TYPE][AUTHOR])): \n", - " # Update and display the status.\n", - " STATUS.update(HTML(''.join([\"
\"])));\n", - " \n", - " RESULTS[TEST_TYPE][MODEL_NAME][AUTHOR].append(ollama.generate(MODEL_NAME, prompt=PROMPTS[TEST_TYPE][AUTHOR][STRING_INDEX]));\n", - "\n", - " # Update the status. \n", - " STATUS.update(HTML(''.join([\"
\"])));\n", - " \n", - " if (len(PROMPTS[TEST_TYPE][AUTHOR]) - 1 == STRING_INDEX): \n", - " # Update the status. \n", - " STATUS.update(HTML(''.join([\"
\"])));\n", - "\n", - " return(RESULTS[TEST_TYPE][MODEL_NAME]);" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 60, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "ACCURACIES = {}\n", - "SUMMARIES = {};\n", - "\n", - "def analyze_responses(MARKSCHEME, RAW): \n", - " CHOICES = [];\n", - " ACCURACY = {};\n", - "\n", - " ACCURACY[\"list\"] = [];\n", - " for RAW_DICT in RAW: \n", - " # Split each statement to get the last response. \n", - " STATEMENT = RAW_DICT['response'];\n", - "\n", - " # Create a flag for a valid response. \n", - " RESPONSE_VALID = False;\n", - "\n", - " # Loop from the last until the start until a correctly formatted response is detected. \n", - " for LINE in STATEMENT.split(\"\\n\"): \n", - " if (LINE in PROMPTS[\"raw\"][\"acceptable\"]): \n", - " CHOICES.append(LINE);\n", - " ACCURACY[\"list\"].append(LINE == MARKSCHEME);\n", - " RESPONSE_VALID = True;\n", - " break;\n", - " \n", - " if (not(RESPONSE_VALID)): \n", - " CHOICES.append(None);\n", - "\n", - " # Calculate the accuracy percentage. \n", - " ACCURACY[\"ratio\"] = (((Counter(CHOICES))[MARKSCHEME]) / len(RAW));\n", - "\n", - " return ({\"choices\": CHOICES, \"accuracy\": ACCURACY});\n", - "\n", - "def check_test(MODEL_NAME, TEST_TYPE): \n", - " if (TEST_TYPE in RESULTS.keys()): \n", - " # Create a dictionary for the test’s results.\n", - " if not(TEST_TYPE in SUMMARIES.keys()): \n", - " SUMMARIES[TEST_TYPE] = {};\n", - " if not(TEST_TYPE in ACCURACIES.keys()): \n", - " ACCURACIES[TEST_TYPE] = {};\n", - "\n", - " ACCURACIES[TEST_TYPE][MODEL_NAME] = {};\n", - " SUMMARIES[TEST_TYPE][MODEL_NAME] = {};\n", - "\n", - " for AUTHOR in PROMPTS[TEST_TYPE].keys(): \n", - " ANALYSIS = analyze_responses(AUTHOR, RESULTS[TEST_TYPE][MODEL_NAME][AUTHOR]);\n", - " ACCURACIES[TEST_TYPE][MODEL_NAME][AUTHOR] = ANALYSIS[\"accuracy\"];\n", - " SUMMARIES[TEST_TYPE][MODEL_NAME][AUTHOR] = ANALYSIS[\"choices\"];\n", - " \n", - " return(ACCURACIES[TEST_TYPE][MODEL_NAME]);\n", - " else: \n", - " return(None);" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 81, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "def display_results(MODEL_NAME, TEST_TYPE): \n", - " TEXT_DISPLAY = \"\";\n", - "\n", - " if (TEST_TYPE in ACCURACIES.keys()): \n", - " if not(MODEL_NAME): \n", - " for MODEL in ACCURACIES[TEST_TYPE].keys(): \n", - " MODEL_NAME = MODEL;\n", - " \n", - " TEXT_DISPLAY = \"

\" + MODEL + \"

\";\n", - "\n", - " for AUTHOR in ACCURACIES[TEST_TYPE][MODEL].keys(): \n", - " TEXT_DISPLAY = ''.join([TEXT_DISPLAY, '

']);\n", - "\n", - " display(HTML(TEXT_DISPLAY), display_id=True);\n", - " else: \n", - " for AUTHOR in ACCURACIES[TEST_TYPE][MODEL_NAME].keys(): \n", - " display(HTML(''.join(['
'])), display_id=True);\n", - "\n", - " else: \n", - " display(HTML(' '.join([\"\"])));\n", - " \n", - " return (TEXT_DISPLAY);" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### Blind Testing" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Here, the models will be blindly tested. " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "#### Prompt Construction" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 49, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "data": { - "text/markdown": [ - "Finished processing human text." - ], - "text/plain": [ - "" - ] - }, - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data" - }, - { - "data": { - "text/markdown": [ - "Finished processing AI text." - ], - "text/plain": [ - "" - ] - }, - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data" - } - ], - "source": [ - "def prompts_blind_test_format(): \n", - " if (not(\"blind classify\" in PROMPTS.keys())): \n", - " PROMPTS[\"blind classify\"] = {}; \n", - " \n", - " for GENERATION_TYPE in STRINGS.keys(): \n", - " STATUS = display(Markdown(' '.join([\"Processing\", GENERATION_TYPE, \"text…\"])), display_id=True);\n", - "\n", - " PROMPTS[\"blind classify\"][GENERATION_TYPE] = [];\n", - " \n", - " for STRING in STRINGS[GENERATION_TYPE][\"testing\"]: \n", - " PROMPTS[\"blind classify\"][GENERATION_TYPE].append('\\n\\n'.join([PROMPTS[\"raw\"][\"introduction\"], STRING, ' '.join([PROMPTS[\"raw\"][\"classify\"], PROMPTS[\"raw\"][\"answer format\"]])]));\n", - " \n", - " STATUS.update(Markdown(' '.join([\"Finished processing\", GENERATION_TYPE, \"text.\"])));\n", - "\n", - " return (PROMPTS[\"blind classify\"]);\n", - "\n", - "prompts_blind_test_format();" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 78, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "data": { - "text/html": [ - "
" - ], - "text/plain": [ - "" - ] - }, - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data" - }, - { - "data": { - "text/html": [ - "
" - ], - "text/plain": [ - "" - ] - }, - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data" - }, - { - "data": { - "text/html": [ - "
" - ], - "text/plain": [ - "" - ] - }, - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data" - }, - { - "data": { - "text/html": [ - "
" - ], - "text/plain": [ - "" - ] - }, - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data" - }, - { - "data": { - "text/html": [ - "
" - ], - "text/plain": [ - "" - ] - }, - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data" - }, - { - "data": { - "text/html": [ - "
" - ], - "text/plain": [ - "" - ] - }, - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data" - } - ], - "source": [ - "for MODEL in MODELS: \n", - " perform_test(MODEL, \"blind classify\");\n" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 84, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "{'model': 'phi', 'created_at': '2024-08-30T15:05:48.990768Z', 'response': ' AI\\n', 'done': True, 'done_reason': 'stop', 'context': [11964, 25, 317, 8537, 1022, 257, 11040, 2836, 290, 281, 11666, 4430, 8796, 13, 383, 8796, 3607, 7613, 7429, 284, 262, 2836, 6, 82, 2683, 13, 198, 12982, 25, 10383, 318, 257, 6163, 3704, 286, 2420, 25, 198, 198, 20266, 5891, 4290, 286, 2253, 340, 468, 1282, 284, 616, 3241, 326, 12231, 287, 262, 1578, 1829, 318, 1972, 4785, 523, 314, 423, 257, 4610, 779, 5006, 1342, 13, 632, 318, 2829, 11, 428, 481, 1037, 2005, 12231, 287, 262, 471, 13, 50, 355, 262, 1218, 4094, 3278, 15129, 5766, 318, 3750, 290, 460, 1682, 1037, 345, 351, 257, 1365, 1919, 1204, 355, 880, 355, 5742, 17884, 262, 2055, 13, 198, 198, 1722, 4750, 2961, 11, 37993, 389, 262, 1218, 3756, 2728, 286, 12231, 287, 262, 471, 13, 50, 290, 7720, 326, 481, 1037, 2245, 617, 12231, 416, 12225, 530, 286, 262, 4094, 5640, 13, 22025, 2105, 262, 779, 286, 5006, 481, 2005, 262, 6588, 287, 262, 1633, 290, 428, 287, 1210, 460, 1085, 284, 257, 22841, 12263, 355, 880, 13, 1318, 389, 867, 14287, 326, 389, 1097, 1203, 290, 356, 423, 2722, 922, 2482, 422, 531, 14287, 355, 880, 355, 1097, 1479, 1110, 318, 5033, 257, 2277, 287, 9309, 355, 880, 355, 584, 3354, 287, 4318, 2253, 13, 770, 481, 635, 787, 895, 519, 257, 1342, 1884, 19810, 355, 645, 1097, 47301, 389, 1972, 13640, 4361, 11, 21723, 11, 8593, 692, 7241, 1633, 13, 770, 481, 1037, 2948, 262, 976, 12231, 2974, 588, 287, 6342, 1461, 510, 994, 13, 198, 198, 32, 1204, 1231, 5006, 460, 635, 19888, 2689, 262, 1919, 3160, 286, 867, 661, 13, 1081, 661, 389, 517, 1884, 284, 655, 2513, 290, 1561, 351, 2460, 393, 655, 2513, 393, 7161, 284, 262, 3952, 13, 661, 287, 1097, 1203, 2055, 588, 17668, 549, 272, 423, 772, 531, 484, 1254, 1342, 5503, 783, 326, 484, 836, 6, 83, 423, 5006, 13, 6960, 3399, 423, 772, 2067, 6078, 5353, 287, 5006, 290, 561, 2138, 1011, 1171, 4839, 393, 1097, 7742, 351, 2460, 788, 655, 1011, 511, 898, 1097, 13, 843, 355, 257, 1255, 389, 28619, 351, 511, 2460, 290, 1641, 788, 878, 13, 198, 198, 8061, 508, 779, 5006, 329, 4839, 389, 1342, 1884, 284, 779, 262, 24058, 393, 6594, 511, 7161, 290, 355, 257, 1255, 38282, 290, 7161, 13532, 389, 30690, 290, 374, 14655, 13, 8447, 1231, 5006, 11, 1243, 588, 595, 49932, 38282, 393, 9725, 561, 1282, 284, 674, 3241, 13, 1114, 1672, 1879, 3232, 3596, 287, 9309, 2957, 284, 262, 9185, 286, 38282, 290, 220, 16817, 4608, 286, 7161, 9725, 290, 517, 6332, 10399, 14860, 290, 9735, 12815, 423, 2067, 284, 1461, 510, 13, 18067, 5755, 286, 5006, 460, 1037, 514, 17884, 262, 2055, 351, 517, 14860, 290, 1171, 10399, 290, 8181, 5269, 13, 770, 481, 635, 1085, 284, 1365, 2324, 355, 1342, 661, 481, 651, 2277, 416, 5006, 11, 1342, 1097, 17390, 290, 4045, 1365, 2324, 13, 198, 198, 818, 7664, 616, 5891, 4290, 11, 3387, 2074, 787, 278, 428, 2055, 1097, 1203, 13, 329, 511, 389, 867, 13391, 329, 1804, 523, 287, 428, 2055, 422, 262, 17365, 343, 296, 2470, 11, 284, 262, 1919, 290, 284, 262, 1535, 4034, 13, 198, 198, 3844, 11, 460, 345, 5004, 611, 262, 2029, 3704, 286, 2420, 318, 3194, 416, 257, 1692, 393, 416, 257, 1588, 3303, 2746, 30, 3406, 3280, 1276, 1464, 886, 351, 534, 15593, 326, 318, 691, 2035, 220, 447, 250, 10734, 447, 251, 393, 220, 447, 250, 20185, 447, 251, 287, 257, 649, 1627, 355, 484, 389, 11, 1231, 597, 584, 2420, 393, 13386, 13, 220, 198, 48902, 25, 9552, 198], 'total_duration': 2401126416, 'load_duration': 13432000, 'prompt_eval_count': 594, 'prompt_eval_duration': 2322095000, 'eval_count': 3, 'eval_duration': 55841000}\n", - "{'model': 'gemma2:2b', 'created_at': '2024-08-30T15:14:42.274449Z', 'response': 'The text exhibits characteristics typical of both AI and human writing:\\n\\n* **Structure:** The piece follows a clear structure (introduction, explanation, supporting arguments, conclusion). This suggests some level of analytical thinking and structuring of ideas. \\n* **Technical Language:** Use of terms like \"second leading cause\", \"carbon in the air\", and \"smog\" indicates a level of understanding of scientific concepts and their application to the context. AI may be able to produce similar language. \\n* **Social Commentary & Observation:** The writer uses specific examples like car-free days in Columbia to support their claims, showing an ability to analyze social phenomena and draw connections between different events. \\n\\n**AI** \\n\\n\\n', 'done': True, 'done_reason': 'stop', 'context': [106, 1645, 108, 33501, 603, 476, 6410, 6431, 576, 2793, 235292, 109, 8666, 11648, 13050, 576, 5783, 665, 919, 2063, 577, 970, 6137, 674, 21675, 575, 573, 3520, 3858, 603, 4225, 12302, 712, 590, 791, 476, 4558, 1281, 9446, 2644, 235265, 1165, 603, 3890, 235269, 736, 877, 1707, 3652, 21675, 575, 573, 752, 235265, 235277, 685, 573, 2257, 12324, 193332, 7435, 603, 7751, 578, 798, 4247, 1707, 692, 675, 476, 2525, 3127, 1913, 685, 1578, 685, 12393, 45920, 573, 4159, 235265, 109, 2169, 8248, 7910, 235269, 33253, 708, 573, 2257, 8133, 4557, 576, 21675, 575, 573, 752, 235265, 235277, 578, 13565, 674, 877, 1707, 4673, 1009, 21675, 731, 28790, 974, 576, 573, 12324, 10792, 235265, 182619, 573, 1281, 576, 9446, 877, 3652, 573, 8933, 575, 573, 2681, 578, 736, 575, 2894, 798, 2389, 577, 476, 54578, 22026, 685, 1578, 235265, 2456, 708, 1767, 59261, 674, 708, 1226, 1959, 578, 783, 791, 4956, 1426, 3190, 774, 1180, 59261, 685, 1578, 685, 1226, 2223, 1744, 603, 12433, 476, 4887, 575, 17909, 685, 1578, 685, 1156, 4942, 575, 7233, 5783, 235265, 1417, 877, 1170, 1501, 165875, 476, 2644, 5476, 28635, 685, 793, 1226, 94869, 708, 4225, 41445, 5852, 235269, 31240, 235269, 748, 24799, 13893, 2681, 235265, 1417, 877, 1707, 7704, 573, 1809, 21675, 5902, 1154, 575, 7127, 2463, 908, 1517, 235265, 109, 235280, 1913, 2346, 9446, 798, 1170, 40125, 8964, 573, 3127, 6672, 576, 1767, 1461, 235265, 1877, 1461, 708, 978, 5476, 577, 1317, 5376, 578, 5063, 675, 4078, 689, 1317, 5376, 689, 10947, 577, 573, 7441, 235265, 1461, 575, 1226, 1959, 4159, 1154, 17248, 112360, 791, 1693, 1180, 984, 2375, 2644, 7512, 1490, 674, 984, 1453, 235303, 235251, 791, 9446, 235265, 11027, 15950, 791, 1693, 4604, 17026, 10714, 575, 9446, 578, 1134, 4644, 1987, 2294, 6676, 689, 1226, 8662, 675, 4078, 1492, 1317, 1987, 1024, 1997, 1226, 235265, 1474, 685, 476, 2196, 708, 95467, 675, 1024, 4078, 578, 2730, 1492, 1794, 235265, 109, 13258, 1064, 1281, 9446, 604, 6676, 708, 2644, 5476, 577, 1281, 573, 68505, 689, 11316, 1024, 10947, 578, 685, 476, 2196, 121270, 578, 10947, 20666, 708, 60840, 578, 117854, 235265, 11569, 2346, 9446, 235269, 2652, 1154, 989, 69821, 121270, 689, 16226, 1134, 2063, 577, 1167, 6137, 235265, 1699, 3287, 2244, 6394, 5061, 575, 17909, 5140, 577, 573, 12158, 576, 121270, 578, 235248, 235274, 235274, 235321, 7112, 576, 10947, 16226, 578, 978, 7888, 20245, 27754, 578, 9723, 22081, 791, 4604, 577, 2463, 908, 235265, 31458, 12705, 576, 9446, 798, 1707, 917, 45920, 573, 4159, 675, 978, 27754, 578, 2294, 20245, 578, 12009, 10760, 235265, 1417, 877, 1170, 2389, 577, 2525, 6206, 685, 2644, 1461, 877, 947, 4887, 731, 9446, 235269, 2644, 1226, 29533, 578, 8691, 2525, 6206, 235265, 109, 886, 13856, 970, 11648, 13050, 235269, 3743, 2369, 1501, 574, 736, 4159, 1226, 1959, 235265, 604, 1024, 708, 1767, 17927, 604, 3900, 712, 575, 736, 4159, 774, 573, 23179, 514, 19868, 235269, 577, 573, 3127, 578, 577, 573, 2962, 7839, 235265, 109, 5375, 235269, 798, 692, 8363, 1013, 573, 3131, 6431, 576, 2793, 603, 5952, 731, 476, 3515, 689, 731, 476, 2910, 5255, 2091, 235336, 3883, 3448, 2004, 2593, 1580, 675, 861, 34443, 674, 603, 1297, 3906, 1080, 17877, 235369, 689, 1080, 11716, 235369, 575, 476, 888, 2017, 685, 984, 708, 235269, 2346, 1089, 1156, 2793, 689, 11442, 235265, 235248, 107, 108, 106, 2516, 108, 651, 2793, 40954, 10314, 13551, 576, 2145, 16481, 578, 3515, 6706, 235292, 109, 235287, 5231, 27609, 66058, 714, 6431, 6397, 476, 3110, 5449, 591, 63323, 235269, 15844, 235269, 15450, 12558, 235269, 13856, 846, 1417, 15904, 1009, 2403, 576, 33661, 7166, 578, 155910, 576, 5793, 235265, 235248, 108, 235287, 5231, 27423, 14944, 66058, 139, 7056, 576, 4563, 1154, 664, 9200, 8133, 4557, 824, 664, 27396, 575, 573, 2681, 824, 578, 664, 32983, 235264, 235281, 14939, 476, 2403, 576, 8377, 576, 12132, 17482, 578, 1024, 4724, 577, 573, 4807, 235265, 16481, 1249, 614, 3326, 577, 7872, 3968, 5255, 235265, 235248, 108, 235287, 5231, 16458, 86095, 724, 72125, 66058, 714, 11729, 7177, 3724, 8944, 1154, 1226, 235290, 4816, 2705, 575, 17909, 577, 2676, 1024, 10861, 235269, 139, 99997, 671, 7374, 577, 27205, 3127, 32355, 578, 4297, 17922, 1865, 2167, 5562, 235265, 235248, 109, 688, 11716, 688, 235248, 110], 'total_duration': 4775137917, 'load_duration': 32563709, 'prompt_eval_count': 555, 'prompt_eval_duration': 982653000, 'eval_count': 146, 'eval_duration': 3758151000}\n", - "{'model': 'tinyllama', 'created_at': '2024-08-30T15:19:50.548428Z', 'response': 'Based on the given material, it appears that the piece of text was written by a human author who uses \"AI\" for redundancy. 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gemma2:2b





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phi





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tinyllama





" - ], - "text/plain": [ - "" - ] - }, - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data" - } - ], - "source": [ - "for MODEL in MODELS: \n", - " check_test(MODEL, \"blind classify\");\n", - " print(RESULTS[\"blind classify\"][MODEL][\"human\"][1]);\n", - "display_results(None, \"blind classify\");" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [] - } - ], - "metadata": { - "kernelspec": { - "display_name": "Python 3", - "language": "python", - "name": "python3" - }, - "language_info": { - "codemirror_mode": { - "name": "ipython", - "version": 3 - }, - "file_extension": ".py", - "mimetype": "text/x-python", - "name": "python", - "nbconvert_exporter": "python", - "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", - "version": "3.9.6" - } - }, - "nbformat": 4, - "nbformat_minor": 2 -}