diff --git a/bingus/src/lib.rs b/bingus/src/lib.rs
index 385b96b..40b6b78 100644
--- a/bingus/src/lib.rs
+++ b/bingus/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,66 +1,43 @@
 use dasp_sample::{FromSample, Sample, U24, U48};
 
-pub trait AsSample<S>
+pub trait AsSample<F>
 where
-    S: Sample,
+    Self: Sized,
 {
-    fn as_sample(self) -> S;
-}
-
-impl<S> AsSample<S> for u8
-where
-    S: Sample + FromSample<u8>,
-{
-    fn as_sample(self) -> S {
-        self.to_sample()
+    fn _prepare(self) -> F;
+    fn as_sample<S: Sample + FromSample<F>>(self) -> S {
+        Sample::from_sample(self._prepare())
     }
 }
 
-impl<S> AsSample<S> for [u8; 2]
-where
-    S: Sample + FromSample<u16>,
-{
-    fn as_sample(self) -> S {
-        (((self[0] as u16) << 8) | self[1] as u16).to_sample()
+impl AsSample<u8> for u8 {
+    fn _prepare(self) -> u8 {
+        self
     }
 }
 
-impl<S> AsSample<S> for [u8; 3]
-where
-    S: Sample + FromSample<U24>,
-{
-    fn as_sample(self) -> S {
-        (((U24::from(self[0])) << 16.into())
-            | (U24::from(self[1]) << 8.into())
-            | U24::from(self[2]))
-        .to_sample()
+impl AsSample<u16> for [u8; 2] {
+    fn _prepare(self) -> u16 {
+        ((self[0]._prepare() as u16) << 8) | self[1] as u16
     }
 }
 
-impl<S> AsSample<S> for [u8; 4]
-where
-    S: Sample + FromSample<u32>,
-{
-    fn as_sample(self) -> S {
-        (((self[0] as u32) << 24)
-            | ((self[1] as u32) << 16)
-            | ((self[2] as u32) << 8)
-            | self[3] as u32)
-            .to_sample()
+impl AsSample<U24> for [u8; 3] {
+    fn _prepare(self) -> U24 {
+        (U24::from([self[0], self[1]]._prepare()) << 8.into()) | U24::from(self[2])
     }
 }
 
-impl<S> AsSample<S> for [u8; 6]
-where
-    S: Sample + FromSample<U48>,
-{
-    fn as_sample(self) -> S {
-        ((U48::from(self[0]) << 40u8.into())
-            | (U48::from(self[1]) << 32u8.into())
-            | (U48::from(self[2]) << 24u8.into())
-            | (U48::from(self[3]) << 16u8.into())
-            | (U48::from(self[4]) << 8u8.into())
-            | U48::from(self[3]))
-        .to_sample()
+impl AsSample<u32> for [u8; 4] {
+    fn _prepare(self) -> u32 {
+        (([self[0], self[1], self[2]]._prepare().inner() as u32) << 8) | self[3] as u32
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsSample<U48> for [u8; 6] {
+    fn _prepare(self) -> U48 {
+        ((U48::from([self[0], self[1], self[2], self[3]]._prepare()) << 16u8.into())
+            | (U48::from(self[4]) << 8u8.into()))
+            | U48::from(self[5])
     }
 }