Initial commit

notes/fs_hierarchy

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+/ - root directory
+/bin - essential command binaries
+/boot - bootup files
+/dev - device files
+/etc - configuration stuffs
+/home - User home directories
+/lib - essential libraries and kernel modules
+/lib64 - 64-bit libraries (on amd64)
+/media - removeable media mount point
+/mnt - all-purpose mount point
+/opt - add-on software packages
+/root - root's home directory
+/sbin - essential system binaries
+/srv - web server stuffs (if we have a web server)
+/tmp - volatile temporary files
+/usr - user data
+/var - variable data
+
+Stuff in /bin:
+==============
+cat
+chgrp
+chmod
+chown
+cp
+date
+dd
+df
+dmesg
+echo
+ed
+false
+hostname
+kill
+ln
+login
+ls
+mkdir
+mknod
+more
+mount
+mv
+netstat
+ping
+ps
+pwd
+rm
+rmdir
+sed
+sh
+stty
+su
+sync
+tar
+test and [
+true
+umount
+uname
+
+Stuff in dev:
+=============
+null - discards input, produces EOF when read from
+zero - discards input, produces a bunch of \0 when read from
+full - produces \0 when read from, generates ENOSPC when written to
+random - a pseudorandom number generator (cryptographically secure)
+urandom - a pseudorandom number generator (not cryptographically secure)
+console - system console
+stdin - standard input
+stdout - standard output
+stderr - standard error
+ppp - PPP interface
+lp* - line printers (e.g. lp0)
+ptmx - psuedo-terminal controller
+/pts/* - pseudo-terminals (e.g. /pts/0)
+tty* - terminals (e.g. tty0)
+  ttyS* - serial port (e.g. ttyS0)
+  ttyUSB* - usb serial converter, modem, etc. (e.g. ttyUSB)
+fb* - frame buffer (e.g. fb0)
+fd* - floppy drive (e.g. fd0-fd7)
+hd* - IDE hard drive (ATA drive/ATAPI CD drive)
+  hda - first channel primary drive
+  hdb - first channel secondary drive
+  hdc - second channel primary drive
+  hdd - second channel secondary drive
+  e.g. hda1 - first channel, primary drive, first partition
+ht* - IDE tape (e.g. ht0), can prefix n for no-rewind
+js* - joystick (e.g. js0), prefix d for digital instead of analogue (e.g. djs0)
+md* - RAID (metadisk) (e.g. md0)
+mouse* - Mouse (e.g. mouse0)
+pp* - parallel ports (e.g. pp0)
+nvme*n*p* - NVMe (drive controller, drive, partition) (e.g. nvme0n1p1)
+mmcblk*p* - MMC (SD cards, etc.) (device, partition) (e.g. mmcblk0p1)
+pd* - parallel port IDE devices (e.g. pda0 - first device, first partition)
+ram* - ram disks (e.g. ram0)
+rpda* - PDAs, like my Dell Axim (e.g. rpda0)
+pt* - parallel port ATAPI tape device (e.g. pt0, npt0)
+sd* - SCSI/SATA/USB/Firewire mass storage device
+  e.g. sda1 - first drive, first partition
+  ses* - enclosure driver (e.g. ses0)
+  sg* - generic SCSI layer (e.g. sg0)
+  sr* - ROM driver (optical disks) (e.g. sr0)
+  scd* - SCSI CD-ROM device, replaces sr* for this (e.g. scd0)
+  st* - magnetic tape (e.g. st0)
+    nst* - magnetic tape, no rewind (e.g. st0)
+    can suffix l, m, or a for modes 1, 2, or 3 (default is 0)
+I kinda wanna change some things and remove some others. Like, some, I'll keep.
+scd0? Yep. hda for ATA drives? Yep. lp, fb, fd, pp, nvme? Yep. I kinda wanna
+split off USB and Firewire mass storage device. Not sure how. ud0 and fwd0,
+maybe? Might remove pd for parallel port IDE devices and move PDAs to pda
+instead of rpda.
+
+/etc hierarchy:
+===============
+init.d - scripts for system initialisation
+opt - config for /opt
+rc[0-6].d - scripts for different runlevels
+X11 - config for X (if we actually try to get graphics going)
+
+Stuff in etc:
+=============
+at.allow - users allowed to use at (doesn't exist by default)
+at.deny - users not allowed to use at (exists empty by default)
+fstab - static filesystem info
+gettydefs? - getty settings?
+group - list of groups
+host.conf - resolver conf. file
+hosts - static hostnames
+hosts.allow - host access file for TCP wrappers
+hosts.deny - host access file for TCP wrappers
+hosts.lpd? - trusted hosts for lpd?
+inittab - config file for init
+issue - pre-login message/id
+ld.so.conf - extra dirs for shared libraries
+motd - message of the day
+mtab? - dynamic filesystem info
+passwd - password file
+printcap? - lpd printer capability db?
+profile - default sh init file
+protocols - IP protocol listings
+securetty - TTY access control for root login
+services - port names for network services
+shadow - shadow password file
+shells - pathnames of login shells
+
+/media hierarchy:
+=================
+floppy - floppy drive (if present)
+cdrom - cd drive (if present)
+cdrecorder - cd writer (if present)
+zip - zip drive (if, for some reason, present)
+
+Stuff for /sbin:
+================
+shutdown
+fastboot
+fasthalt
+fdisk
+fsck
+fsck.fxfs - fsck for the FENIX file system
+halt
+init
+mkfs
+mkfs.fxfs - make a FENIX file system
+mkswap
+reboot
+swapon
+swapoff
+tty - the actual program that runs the TTY, not the minor utility
+update
+
+/srv hierarchy:
+===============
+ftp - ftp files
+www - http files
+
+/usr hierarchy:
+===============
+bin - user-facing commands
+games - games.
+include - C include files
+lib - libraries
+lib64 - 64-bit libraries (on amd64)
+local - local hierarchy; safe from system updates
+  bin - local binaries
+  etc - config for local binaries
+  games - local game binaries
+  include - local C headers
+  lib - local libraries
+  lib64 - local 64-bit libraries (on amd64)
+  man - local online manuals
+  sbin - local system binaries
+  share - local arch-independent hierarchy
+  src - local source code
+sbin - non-vital system binaries
+share - architecture-independent files
+  calendar - files for calendar(1)
+  dict - word lists for look(1)
+  doc - documentation
+  games - files used by games
+  locale - locale info
+  man - online manuals
+    might have language subdirs i.e. man/en/man1, man/en_US/man1, etc.
+    might also have architechture subdirs i.e. man/en/man8/i386, etc.
+    man1 - user programs
+    man2 - system calls
+    man3 - library calls
+    man4 - special files
+    man5 - file formats
+    man6 - games
+    man7 - miscellaneous
+    man8 - system administration
+  misc - misc. systemwide files
+    ascii - file w/ ascii character set table
+    termcap/termcap.db - terminal capability database
+  nls - message catalogs for native lang support
+  terminfo - terminfo database
+  zoneinfo - tz info
+src - source code
+X11R6 - X11 release 6, if we need it
+
+/var hierarchy:
+===============
+backups - system backups; probably don't touch, it's reserved
+cache - app cache data
+  fonts - locally generated fonts
+  man - locally formatted man pages
+  www - www proxy/cache data
+  <package> - package specific cache data
+crash - crash dumps
+cron - crontabs
+games - variable game data
+lib - variable state info
+  hwclock - state directory for hwclock (will we have hwclock?)
+  misc - misc. state data
+  xdm - X display manager var data (if we have this)
+  <editor> - editor backup files/state
+  <pkgtool> - packaging support files
+  <package> - state data for package
+local - var data for /usr/local
+lock - lock files
+  all files are of form LCK..*
+log - logs
+  lastlog - last login of each user
+  messages - system messages
+  wtmp - record of logins and logouts
+mail - mailbox files
+  all files are just usernames
+msgs - reserved for...something?
+opt - var data for /opt
+preserve - reserved for vi crash saves
+run - data for running processes
+spool - app spool data
+  lpd? - printer spool?
+    printer - spool for given printer
+  mqueue? - outgoing mail queue?
+  news - news spool
+  uucp - uucp spool
+tmp - temp files preserved between reboots
+yp? - NIS database files?