259 lines
7.1 KiB
Text
259 lines
7.1 KiB
Text
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/ - root directory
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/bin - essential command binaries
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/boot - bootup files
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/dev - device files
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/etc - configuration stuffs
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/home - User home directories
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/lib - essential libraries and kernel modules
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/lib64 - 64-bit libraries (on amd64)
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/media - removeable media mount point
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/mnt - all-purpose mount point
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/opt - add-on software packages
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/root - root's home directory
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/sbin - essential system binaries
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/srv - web server stuffs (if we have a web server)
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/tmp - volatile temporary files
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/usr - user data
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/var - variable data
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Stuff in /bin:
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==============
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cat
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chgrp
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chmod
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chown
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cp
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date
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dd
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df
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dmesg
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echo
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ed
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false
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hostname
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kill
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ln
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login
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ls
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mkdir
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mknod
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more
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mount
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mv
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netstat
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ping
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ps
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pwd
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rm
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rmdir
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sed
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sh
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stty
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su
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sync
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tar
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test and [
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true
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umount
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uname
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Stuff in dev:
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=============
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null - discards input, produces EOF when read from
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zero - discards input, produces a bunch of \0 when read from
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full - produces \0 when read from, generates ENOSPC when written to
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random - a pseudorandom number generator (cryptographically secure)
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urandom - a pseudorandom number generator (not cryptographically secure)
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console - system console
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stdin - standard input
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stdout - standard output
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stderr - standard error
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ppp - PPP interface
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lp* - line printers (e.g. lp0)
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ptmx - psuedo-terminal controller
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/pts/* - pseudo-terminals (e.g. /pts/0)
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tty* - terminals (e.g. tty0)
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ttyS* - serial port (e.g. ttyS0)
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ttyUSB* - usb serial converter, modem, etc. (e.g. ttyUSB)
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fb* - frame buffer (e.g. fb0)
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fd* - floppy drive (e.g. fd0-fd7)
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hd* - IDE hard drive (ATA drive/ATAPI CD drive)
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hda - first channel primary drive
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hdb - first channel secondary drive
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hdc - second channel primary drive
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hdd - second channel secondary drive
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e.g. hda1 - first channel, primary drive, first partition
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ht* - IDE tape (e.g. ht0), can prefix n for no-rewind
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js* - joystick (e.g. js0), prefix d for digital instead of analogue (e.g. djs0)
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md* - RAID (metadisk) (e.g. md0)
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mouse* - Mouse (e.g. mouse0)
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pp* - parallel ports (e.g. pp0)
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nvme*n*p* - NVMe (drive controller, drive, partition) (e.g. nvme0n1p1)
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mmcblk*p* - MMC (SD cards, etc.) (device, partition) (e.g. mmcblk0p1)
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pd* - parallel port IDE devices (e.g. pda0 - first device, first partition)
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ram* - ram disks (e.g. ram0)
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rpda* - PDAs, like my Dell Axim (e.g. rpda0)
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pt* - parallel port ATAPI tape device (e.g. pt0, npt0)
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sd* - SCSI/SATA/USB/Firewire mass storage device
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e.g. sda1 - first drive, first partition
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ses* - enclosure driver (e.g. ses0)
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sg* - generic SCSI layer (e.g. sg0)
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sr* - ROM driver (optical disks) (e.g. sr0)
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scd* - SCSI CD-ROM device, replaces sr* for this (e.g. scd0)
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st* - magnetic tape (e.g. st0)
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nst* - magnetic tape, no rewind (e.g. st0)
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can suffix l, m, or a for modes 1, 2, or 3 (default is 0)
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I kinda wanna change some things and remove some others. Like, some, I'll keep.
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scd0? Yep. hda for ATA drives? Yep. lp, fb, fd, pp, nvme? Yep. I kinda wanna
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split off USB and Firewire mass storage device. Not sure how. ud0 and fwd0,
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maybe? Might remove pd for parallel port IDE devices and move PDAs to pda
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instead of rpda.
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/etc hierarchy:
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===============
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init.d - scripts for system initialisation
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opt - config for /opt
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rc[0-6].d - scripts for different runlevels
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X11 - config for X (if we actually try to get graphics going)
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Stuff in etc:
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=============
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at.allow - users allowed to use at (doesn't exist by default)
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at.deny - users not allowed to use at (exists empty by default)
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fstab - static filesystem info
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gettydefs? - getty settings?
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group - list of groups
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host.conf - resolver conf. file
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hosts - static hostnames
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hosts.allow - host access file for TCP wrappers
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hosts.deny - host access file for TCP wrappers
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hosts.lpd? - trusted hosts for lpd?
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inittab - config file for init
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issue - pre-login message/id
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ld.so.conf - extra dirs for shared libraries
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motd - message of the day
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mtab? - dynamic filesystem info
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passwd - password file
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printcap? - lpd printer capability db?
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profile - default sh init file
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protocols - IP protocol listings
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securetty - TTY access control for root login
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services - port names for network services
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shadow - shadow password file
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shells - pathnames of login shells
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/media hierarchy:
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=================
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floppy - floppy drive (if present)
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cdrom - cd drive (if present)
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cdrecorder - cd writer (if present)
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zip - zip drive (if, for some reason, present)
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Stuff for /sbin:
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================
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shutdown
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fastboot
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fasthalt
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fdisk
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fsck
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fsck.fxfs - fsck for the FENIX file system
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halt
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init
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mkfs
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mkfs.fxfs - make a FENIX file system
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mkswap
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reboot
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swapon
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swapoff
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tty - the actual program that runs the TTY, not the minor utility
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update
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/srv hierarchy:
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===============
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ftp - ftp files
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www - http files
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/usr hierarchy:
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===============
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bin - user-facing commands
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games - games.
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include - C include files
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lib - libraries
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lib64 - 64-bit libraries (on amd64)
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local - local hierarchy; safe from system updates
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bin - local binaries
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etc - config for local binaries
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games - local game binaries
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include - local C headers
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lib - local libraries
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lib64 - local 64-bit libraries (on amd64)
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man - local online manuals
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sbin - local system binaries
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share - local arch-independent hierarchy
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src - local source code
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sbin - non-vital system binaries
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share - architecture-independent files
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calendar - files for calendar(1)
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dict - word lists for look(1)
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doc - documentation
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games - files used by games
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locale - locale info
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man - online manuals
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might have language subdirs i.e. man/en/man1, man/en_US/man1, etc.
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might also have architechture subdirs i.e. man/en/man8/i386, etc.
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man1 - user programs
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man2 - system calls
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man3 - library calls
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man4 - special files
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man5 - file formats
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man6 - games
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man7 - miscellaneous
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man8 - system administration
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misc - misc. systemwide files
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ascii - file w/ ascii character set table
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termcap/termcap.db - terminal capability database
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nls - message catalogs for native lang support
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terminfo - terminfo database
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zoneinfo - tz info
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src - source code
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X11R6 - X11 release 6, if we need it
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/var hierarchy:
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===============
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backups - system backups; probably don't touch, it's reserved
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cache - app cache data
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fonts - locally generated fonts
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man - locally formatted man pages
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www - www proxy/cache data
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<package> - package specific cache data
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crash - crash dumps
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cron - crontabs
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games - variable game data
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lib - variable state info
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hwclock - state directory for hwclock (will we have hwclock?)
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misc - misc. state data
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xdm - X display manager var data (if we have this)
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<editor> - editor backup files/state
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<pkgtool> - packaging support files
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<package> - state data for package
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local - var data for /usr/local
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lock - lock files
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all files are of form LCK..*
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log - logs
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lastlog - last login of each user
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messages - system messages
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wtmp - record of logins and logouts
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mail - mailbox files
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all files are just usernames
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msgs - reserved for...something?
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opt - var data for /opt
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preserve - reserved for vi crash saves
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run - data for running processes
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spool - app spool data
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lpd? - printer spool?
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printer - spool for given printer
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mqueue? - outgoing mail queue?
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news - news spool
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uucp - uucp spool
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tmp - temp files preserved between reboots
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yp? - NIS database files?
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