nigig-org/crates/apps/pdf/pdf-graphics/examples
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feat(pdf): encryption on save — AES-128 and AES-256 (Phase 6, part one)
ADR 0024. This reverses ADR 0005's "never write encryption", and the
reason it is safe to reverse is that the facts changed underneath it.

A crate that only reads cannot produce weak ciphertext, so refusing to
write any was free. Now that Phase 4 creates documents and Phase 5 edits
them, the refusal does something worse than protect nobody: open a
password-protected file, change one annotation, save, and the output is
plaintext. No error, no warning — the protection is silently dropped. That
is this project's recurring failure mode in the one place where the
consequence is a breach.

The principle survives in a narrower form: no hand-rolled crypto, and no
weak cipher offered as an option. RC4 stays readable because files use it
and is not writable — EncryptionAlgorithm has no RC4 variant, so the
refusal is a type, not a runtime check someone can route around.

The encryptor is the literal inverse of the decryptor and imports its
primitives rather than restating them; two implementations of one algorithm
drift, and here they drift towards "decrypts to garbage". Every unit test
round-trips through the existing Decryptor.

Encryption sits at one choke point: PdfWriter holds the Encryptor and
write_object_at encrypts everything passing through. Not per call site —
there are twenty-two of those in PdfDocBuilder, and one stream written in
the clear inside an encrypted document is not a partial failure, it is a
leak that no reader will report because the file is otherwise valid. The
/Encrypt dictionary is the single deliberate exemption: it holds the salts
a reader needs before it has a key, so encrypting it bricks the file.

Verified against implementations we share no code with, now gated in CI:

  ok    qpdf opens it with the password
  ok    it really is AES-256
  ok    the wrong password is refused
  ok    poppler decrypts the content
  ok    no plaintext in the encrypted file

Four mutations, all killed — two only after the tests were strengthened,
and both misses are the interesting part:

  A fixed IV survived two_saves_of_one_document_are_not_byte_identical,
  because the AES-256 file key is fresh per save and that alone makes the
  output differ. The property actually needed is narrower: one encryptor,
  identical plaintext, different bytes. In CBC a repeated IV under one key
  leaks that two plaintexts are equal.

  A wrong /Length survived because our own reader recovers by scanning for
  endstream — a robustness fix from ADR 0023. An independent reader that
  trusts /Length reads a truncated stream and decrypts garbage. A lenient
  reader hides a broken writer, which is why the external gate exists.

The /Length test itself had a bug first: it searched a from_utf8_lossy view
and reported a stream declaring 80 bytes holding 156. Ciphertext is not
UTF-8; the replacement characters shifted every offset.

Unencrypted output stays byte-reproducible; encrypted output cannot be, and
a test asserts that loss rather than leaving it implicit.

pdf: 1220 passed (was 1187). pdf-ui: green. Coverage 88.21%,
encrypt_write.rs at 96.5%.

Signing is NOT started. It needs the trust-anchor decision ADR 0010
deferred: VerificationStatus::Valid is unreachable by construction, and
making sign -> verify pass is a policy change, not an implementation
detail. The plan's Phase 6 status now says so.
2026-08-18 07:27:45 +00:00
..
generate_sample.rs feat(pdf): encryption on save — AES-128 and AES-256 (Phase 6, part one) 2026-08-18 07:27:45 +00:00